Ngenxa yokuncintisana okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle kwamandla avuselelekayo, iya ngokuya ingenalutho ezimakethe zomhlaba. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamandla avuselelekayo (ngicabanga ukuthi sonke siyakwazi lokho), kepha empeleni, ekuvuseleleni kabusha, sithole imithombo yamandla "edumile" eminingi, efana namandla elanga nomoya, neminye imithombo yamandla engaziwa kakhulu njengamandla ukushisa komhlaba. Abantu abaningi namanje abazi ukuthi i-geothermal energy isebenza kanjani.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuthi amandla we-geothermal asebenza kanjani nokuthi abaluleke kangakanani.
Amandla we-geothermal
Ngaphambi kokwazi ukuthi amandla we-geothermal asebenza kanjani, kufanele sazi ukuthi ayini. I-geothermal energy ingumthombo wamandla ovuselelekayo osuselwa ekusetshenzisweni kokushisa okukhona emhlabeni ongaphansi komhlaba. Ngamanye amagama, lisebenzisa ukushisa okuvela ezingxenyeni ezingaphakathi zomhlaba futhi likhiqize amandla ngalo. Amandla avuselelekayo kaningi asebenzisa izinto zangaphandle ezifana namanzi, umoya nokukhanya kwelanga. Kodwa-ke, amandla we-geothermal uwukuphela komthombo wamandla ongenawo lo mkhuba wangaphandle.
Kukhona i-gradient lokushisa ekujuleni kwenhlabathi lapho sinyathela khona. Ngamanye amagama, izinga lokushisa lomhlaba lizosondela futhi lisondele enkabeni yomhlaba njengoba sehla. Kuliqiniso ukuthi umsindo ojule kakhulu ongafinyelelwa ngabantu awudluli ku-12 km, kepha siyakwazi lokho ama-gradients okushisa azonyusa izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi ngo-2 ° C kuye ku-4 ° C njalo ngamamitha ayi-100. Imithambeka yezifunda ezahlukahlukene zeplanethi inkulu kakhulu, ngoba uqweqwe luyancipha kuleli phuzu. Ngakho-ke, ungqimba lwangaphakathi lomhlaba (njengejazi elishisayo) lusondele ebusweni bomhlaba futhi lunikeza ukushisa okwengeziwe.
Isebenza kanjani i-Geothermal Energy: Isizinda
Sizoklelisa okuyimithombo yesizinda ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi amandla e-geothermal asebenza kanjani.
Amachibi we-geothermal
Ama-gradients ajulile ashubile ezindaweni ezithile zeplanethi abonakala kakhulu kunezinye. Lokhu kuholela ekusebenzeni kwamandla amakhulu nokukhiqizwa kwamandla ngokushisa kwangaphakathi komhlaba. Ngokuvamile, amandla wokukhiqiza amandla we-geothermal aphansi kakhulu kunalawo elanga (60 mW / m² for geothermal energy and 340 mW / m² for solar energy). Kodwa-ke, lapho i-gradient yokushisa eshiwo iphezulu (ibizwa ngechibi lokushisa komhlaba), amandla okukhiqiza amandla aphezulu kakhulu (kufika ku-200 mW / m²). Lamandla amakhulu okukhiqiza amandla akhiqiza ukuqoqana kokushisa e-aquifer, engasetshenziswa embonini.
Ukuze kutholakale amandla emithonjeni yamanzi aphela ngamandla, ucwaningo lwemakethe olungenzeka kumele luqale luqhutshwe, ngoba izindleko zokubhola zikhula kakhulu ngokujula. Lokho wukuthi, njengoba siya ngokujula, umzamo wokudonsela ukushisa ngaphezulu uyanda. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zamadiphozithi wokuma komhlaba, sithole izinhlobo ezintathu: amanzi ashisayo, amaminerali omile kanye namagiza.
Izinqolobane zamanzi ashisayo
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamachibi amanzi ashisayo: umthombo wamanzi namanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Eyokuqala ingasetshenziswa njengendawo yokugeza eshisayo ngokubaxuba kancane namanzi abandayo ukuze bakwazi ukugeza kuyo, kodwa eyokuqala inenkinga yokugeleza kwayo okuphansi. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, sinamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, okuyiziziba ezinamazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu nokujula okuncane. Lolu hlobo lwamanzi lungasetshenziselwa ukukhipha ukushisa kwakho kwangaphakathi. Singajikeleza amanzi ashisayo ngepompo ukuze sisebenzise ukushisa kwawo.
Idiphozi eyomile yindawo lapho idwala lomile futhi lishisa kakhulu. Kulolu hlobo lwedamu alukho uketshezi oluthwala amandla okushisa komhlaba noma yiluphi uhlobo lwento engenekayo. Yizingcweti ezethule lezi zinhlobo zezici zokudlulisa ukushisa. Lezi zinkambu zinezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphakeme. Okubi ngalolu hlobo lwenkambu ukuthi ubuchwepheshe nezinto zokwenziwa kwalo mkhuba kusengakwazi ukuzilawula ngokwezomnotho, ngakho-ke kufanele kuthuthukiswe futhi kuthuthukiswe.
Imali efakwa yiGeyser
Igiza liyisiphethu esishisayo esikhipha ngokwemvelo ikholomu yomusi namanzi ashisayo. Bambalwa kule planethi. Ngenxa yokuzwela kwamagiza, amagiza kumele asetshenziswe endaweni ekalwe kakhulu futhi eqaphelayo ukuze ingehlisi ukusebenza kwayo. Ukukhipha ukushisa entweni yegiza, ukushisa kufanele kusetshenziswe ngqo yi-turbine ukuthola ubungqabavu bomshini.
Inkinga ngalokhu kukhishwa ukuthi ukufakwa kabusha kwamanzi emazingeni okushisa aphansi kuzopholisa i-magma futhi kuyiqede. Kuphindwe kwahlaziywa ukuthi umjovo wamanzi abandayo nokupholisa kwe-magma kubanga ukuzamazama komhlaba okuncane nokuvame ukwenzeka.
Isebenza kanjani i-Geothermal Energy: Isikhungo Sikagesi Esiphela Ngomoya
Ukwazi ukuthi amandla e-geothermal asebenza kanjani kufanele siye ezitshalweni zamandla okushisa okushisa phansi. Yizindawo lapho kwenziwa lolu hlobo lwamandla. Ukusebenza kwesikhungo samandla we-geothermal kusekelwe ekusebenzeni okuyinkimbinkimbi okusebenza ngaphakathi uhlelo lokutshala insimu. Okusho ukuthi, amandla akhishwa kungaphakathi loMhlaba futhi asiwe esitshalweni lapho kwenziwa khona ugesi.
I-gradient ye-geothermal yenkambu ye-geothermal osebenza kuyo iphakeme kunaleyo yomhlaba ojwayelekile. Lokho wukuthi, izinga lokushisa ekujuleni likhuphuka ngaphezulu. Le ndawo ene-gradient ephakeme ye-geothermal ngokuvamile ingenxa yokuba khona kwe-aquifer enqunyelwe ngamanzi ashisayo, futhi i-aquifer iyalondolozwa futhi ibekelwe umkhawulo ungqimba olungangeneki olukhawulela konke ukushisa nokucindezela. Leli yindawo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-geothermal reservoir, lapho kukhishwa khona ukushisa ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi.
Imithombo yokukhipha i-geothermal exhunywe kwizitshalo zamandla itholakala kulezi zindawo ze-geothermal. Umusi ukhishwa ngoxhaxha lwamapayipi bese uqondiswa efektri lapho amandla afudumele esitimu aguqulwa abe amandla kagesi bese eba amandla kagesi. Uma sesinamandla kagesi, kufanele sihambise lapho sisetshenziswa khona.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi amandla we-geothermal asebenza kanjani.