Amandla avuselelekayo ngokungangabazeki ayikusasa esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside, futhi ezinye izinhlobo zamandla kufanele zifunwe ukuze kuthathelwe indawo izinqolobane zezinsalela eziphelile. Inhlanganisela yezinhlobo ezihlukene zezintshisekelo kungaba yisizathu salokhu kuphazamiseka ekutshalweni kwezimali kwamandla namuhla. Enye yamandla aheha ukunaka kakhulu amandla e-geothermal. Nokho, abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi yini ehlukile ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-geothermal.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele mayelana nokusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwamandla we-geothermal, izici zawo nokubaluleka kwawo.
Izici nokusebenza
Omunye wemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo esetshenziswa kakhulu eYurophu amandla e-geothermal. Ichazwa ngokuthi “amandla akhiqizwa imithombo yokushisa ye-geological”.
Amandla we-geothermal nawo angabhekwa njenge omunye umthombo wamandla avuselelekayo uma ukuhlola kushesha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuqhubeka nokukhipha okuvela emithonjeni ye-geothermal kungabangela ukuhlolwa kabusha kwezinto ezishisayo endaweni yokukhipha, okwenza ukuthi umthombo wamandla ungaphinde uvuseleleke. Lokhu okuhlukile kungokwendawo futhi kuncike esikhathini sokuthuthuka esishintshashintsha kakhulu sesisetshenziswa, kuye ngesayithi.
Lolu hlobo lwamandla lusekelwe esimisweni samandla e- geothermal, noma ukusetshenziswa kokushisa kwemvelo komhlaba (igama elithi geothermal lisuselwa ku-etymology yesiGreki elithi "GE" nelithi "thermos", ngokwezwi nezwi lisho ukuthi "ukushisa komhlaba" ). Lokhu kushisa kukhishwa ngokwemvelo inqubo yokubola kwenyukliya yezinto ezikhipha imisebe enkabeni yoMhlaba, isambatho, noqweqwe. Ezinye zalezi zakhi i-uranium, i-thorium ne-potassium, empeleni ezitholakala ezindaweni ezijulile zeplanethi yethu.
Ngaphakathi eMhlabeni, umnyombo uyinto evuthayo ekhipha ukushisa ngaphakathi kuya ngaphandle, ngakho izinga lokushisa Inyuka phakathi kuka-2 no-4 ºC njalo ngamamitha ayi-100 njengoba singena sijula eMhlabeni.
Kodwa ingaphakathi loMhlaba lakhiwe ngezingqimba ezihlukene, futhi lifinyelela ekujuleni okwanele ukuba amanzi ashise, futhi ashintshe isimo, abe umhwamuko wamanzi, ofika phezulu ngomfutho omkhulu, noma ngesimo amajethi noma iziphethu ezishisayo.
Amandla okukhiqiza amandla e- geothermal (60 mW/m²) aphansi kakhulu kunelanga (cishe ama-340 W/m²). Nokho, kwezinye izindawo, lokhu kushisa okungaba khona kufinyelela ku-200 mW/m² futhi kukhiqiza ukunqwabelana kokushisa ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba ezingase zisetshenziswe ezimbonini. Izinga lokukhipha lihlale likhulu kunomnikelo wokushisa okushintshashintshayo, futhi kufanele kuqikelelwe ukuthi ungaminyanisi kakhulu indawo yokukhipha, okuzothatha amashumi eminyaka noma amakhulu eminyaka ukululama. Izindleko zokumba zikhuphuka ngokushesha ngokujula.
Amandla okushisa aphansi ezinga lokushisa eliphansi (50 kuya ku-100°C) asetshenziselwa kakhulu ukufudumeza, ngokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi ashisayo, futhi kancane kancane ukushisisa izindawo ezibamba ukushisa noma i-aquaculture. Ngo-1995, amandla okushisa omhlaba wonke ayengu-4,1 GW. Kungase futhi kubhekisele ekusetshenzisweni kwamaphampu okushisa asebenzisa i-geothermal, asebenzisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angashoni noma "ama-geothermal probes," abhotshwe amamitha angu-50 kuya kwangu-100, ukuze athole ama-calories anele phansi ukuze kushise igumbi.
Ngokuqala kwenkinga kawoyela, intshisekelo yomhlaba wonke kumandla okushisa komhlaba ikhulile, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo njengomthombo wamandla kagesi kukhula ngezinga lonyaka elicishe libe ngu-9%.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla we-geothermal
Amandla e-Geothermal asetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi, njengoba lo mthombo wamandla avuselelekayo usivumela ukuthi sikhiqize ukushisa, ugesi noma amanzi ashisayo. Kwakho, kufanele sihlale sikhetha indawo efanele yokufakwa, sisebenzise izimo ezingcono kakhulu ezisivumela ukuba sihlangabezane nezidingo zethu.
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwamandla we-geothermal kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kanye nochwepheshe. Lawa alandelayo:
- Ukushisisa: Ngamandla we-geothermal, ukushisa kungakhishwa ngaphakathi komhlaba futhi kuguqulelwe ohlelweni lwesimo somoya segumbi ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezikhishwayo ezifana nokushisisa phansi.
- Amanzi ashisayo: ingasetshenziswa futhi emanzini ashisayo asekhaya, sebenzisa i-thermos yokugcina amanzi
- Ugesi: Ukusebenzisa kuphela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elingaphezu kuka-150º lapho ugesi ungakhiqizwa ngamandla e-geothermal
Ngokungeziwe ekusebenziseni kwawo okuyinhloko, amandla e-geothermal anokunye ukusetshenziswa okufana nalokhu:
- Ukomiswa kwemikhiqizo, ikakhulukazi izinkampani zezolimo
- Ukuhlanza nokuphakelwa kwezinhlelo ezahlukene ze-hydraulic
- Ukwenziwa inzalo kwezinto ezahlukene.
- isizinda sikasawoti
- Ukuhwamuka kanye ne-distillation yoketshezi.
- Amapulazi e-aquaculture kanye nezinhlanzi
- Ukupholisa, kusetshenziswa i-concrete medium
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ashisayo ngezinjongo zenhlanzeko kanye nezokwelapha
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla we-geothermal ekhaya
Ukwazi amandla angatholakala ekushiseni komhlaba ongaphansi njengomunye wemithombo evuselelekayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izindlela esingasebenzisa ngazo ithuba ngaphandle kokusebenzisa eminye imithombo yokwenziwa futhi, yiqiniso, hlonipha ukufudumala kwemvelo komhlaba.
Indlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi ethandwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni okusha, ukwakha amakhaya ngokufudumeza okungaphansi, amashidi akuvumela ukuthi uhambe endlini ungafake zicathulo njengoba eqeda ukushisa. Kunjalo, lezi zitezi azinjalo ngokwemvelo, noma zenziwe ngomkhiqizo okhipha ukushisa, kodwa ngepompo yokushisa ukusabalalisa ukushisa kuzo.
Iphampu lokushisa yilelo elixhumanisa indlu yethu namandla e-geothermal. Ngenxa yalo sifinyelela ukushintshana komoya noma izinga lokushisa ukuze limunce amakhaza ohlangothini olulodwa futhi lixoshe ukushisa okuvela ngaphakathi komhlaba, ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ngale ndlela, ngokusebenzisa ipompo, futhiKungenzeka ukulawula ukushisa okungaphansi kwendlu yonke, ukonga ukushisa njengoba kusekelwe ekushiseni kwemvelo kanye nemvelo.
Ngokungafani namanye amaphampu okushisa, lawa ayahlehliswa. Ungakwazi ukuyishintsha indawo yayo noma uyivale ukuze iyeke ukukhipha ukushisa endaweni engaphansi, njengoba yenza ehlobo nalapho ungakudingi ukushisa okungako. Futhi le futha ayiwasebenzisi amandla ewakhiqizayo ukuze ikhiqize ukushisa okwengeziwe, kodwa amandla ewasebenzisayo ukuze isabalalise futhi iyishayele lapho idingeka khona.
Ukubeka iphampu yokushisa, lapho wakha indlu, phansi kufanele kuphakanyiswe, kufakwe, bese kufakwa phansi okukhazimulayo. Endabeni yokwakha entsha, ingafakwa ngezindlela ezintathu ezahlukene:
- I-Geothermal Emile: Iwuhlelo olusebenzisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba olunomthwalo wemfanelo wokushintshanisa ukushisa nomhlabathi ongaphansi. Kumayelana nokuzama ishubhu lamamitha angamashumi ukuze ufike lapho ukujula nokushisa kukhona.
- I-geothermal evundlile: idinga indawo eyengeziwe ngoba ayixhunyiwe, ikakhulukazi ingaphansi komhlaba, kodwa kufanele ithathe ububanzi bonke bendlu, ngakho-ke nakuba ishibhile, idinga indawo eyengeziwe, naphezu kokuthi indlu ikhiqiza indawo, hhayi ukuthi mkhulu.
- I-Geothermal ngaphansi kwezisekelo: lokhu kungaba kuhle, kodwa kufanele kuhlelwe, ngisho nangaphambi kokwakhiwa, ngaphambi kokubeka izisekelo, ukuze kuthi lapho kubekwa amapayipi axhumana ne-subsoil, kufakwe iphampu ye-hydraulic ezonakekela ukusabalalisa ukushisa okungcono kakhulu.
Akungabazeki ukuthi ukuba namandla kwe-geothermal ekhaya, hhayi nje ukushisa indlu kodwa futhi ukunika amandla izikhungo ezahlukene, usigcinela ugesi omningi njalo ngenyanga. Kodwa okuwukuphela kwe-drawback ukuthi ukufakwa kwayo, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokubeka isisekelo, njengoba esimweni sokufakwa ngaphansi kwezisekelo, kuyabiza kakhulu. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kukhulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma wakha indlu kusukela ekuqaleni. Okuthengeka kakhulu kunokushisisa okungaphansi, okusinika izinzuzo ze-geothermal kodwa kuthembisa okuncane.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokusetshenziswa okuhlukile kwamandla we-geothermal nezici zawo.