Kepha njengoba umoya uba ugesi? Isichasiso esiqondile samanje imishini yomoya ngabadala izigayo, okusasetshenziswa nanamuhla, ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene njengokukhipha amanzi noma ukugaya okusanhlamvu. A isivunguvungu somoya Kuwumshini onamabhande noma izindwani ezinamathele kushaft ovamile, oqala ukuzungeza lapho kuvunguza umoya.
Le shaft ejikelezayo ixhunywe ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zemishini, ngokwesibonelo imishini yokugaya okusanhlamvu, ukudonsa amanzi noma khiqiza ugesi.
Ukuthola ugesi, ukuhamba kwama-blades kushayela i-generator kagesi (enye i-alternator noma i-dynamo) eguqula ifayela le- amandla emishini wokujikeleza ku amandla kagesi. Ugesi ungagcinwa kumabhethri noma uthunyelwe ngqo kugridi. Umsebenzi ulula impela, okuthola kuba nzima wuphenyo nokwakhiwa kwe- imishini yomoya iya ngokuya isebenza kahle.
Izinhlobo Zama-Wind Turbines
Umshini womoya kungaba i-eksisi evundlile, okuyizinto ezivame kakhulu namuhla, noma zikhona futhi i-eksisi ebheke phezulu.
Kusuka kuWikipedia incazelo ye- imishini yomoya emile noma enezingqimba njengoba i-generator kagesi isebenza ukuguqula amandla e-kinetic omoya kumandla wokukhanda nangomoya ophendulwa ngamandla kagesi.
Labo abane-eksisi eqondile bagqamile ngokungayidingi indlela yokuqondisa nokuthi yini i-generator kagesi engahlelwa phansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, labo abane-eksisi evundlile, vumela ukumboza ububanzi obubanzi kusuka ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukanisiwe kwamandla amancane ukufakwa emapulazini amakhulu omoya.
Imishini yomoya eqondile
Njengoba kushiwo, imishini yomoya eqondile noma emi mpo awudingi indlela yokuqondisa, futhi kungaba yini i-generator kagesi engatholakala itholakala phansi.
Su ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kuphansi futhi inabakhubazekile abancane njengokuthi idinga ukuqhutshwa ngemoto ukuze iqhubeke.
Kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu zemishini yomoya emi mpo njengoSavonius, uGiromill noDarrrieus.
Izingqinamba
Enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu imishini yomoya Usayizi wabo omkhulu, ngaphezu kokudlidliza nomsindo abakubangelayo. Ngalesi sizathu, bavame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezikude namakhaya. Kodwa-ke, izinkampani nososayensi emhlabeni jikelele bayaqhubeka nokusebenza yakha ama-turbine amancane (Ungahlola i-athikili eyenziwe ngaphambilini ngamandla amancane omoya), o athule lokho kungatholakala ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni.
Kepha enye yezinkinga ezikhathaza kakhulu emkhakheni wesizukulwane se- amandla omoya Ukwehluka komthombo, okungukuthi, komoya. I- imishini yokuphehla ugesi Ngokuvamile, zikulungele ukusebenza kahle lapho umoya uvunguza ngaphakathi kokuthize ijubane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isivinini esincane esithile siyadingeka ukuhambisa ama-blades, ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona umkhawulo omkhulu.
Isibonelo, okuvame kakhulu ukuthi le mikhawulo ine- Isivinini somoya phakathi kwamamitha amathathu kuya kwangama-3 ngomzuzwana. Ubuncane bubizwa ngejubane lokuxhuma, okungukuthi, ubuncane bokukhiqiza ugesi othile, futhi ubukhulu babizwa ngokuthi ijubane elisikiwe, okungukuthi, lapho selivele linenkinga, ngoba lingahle liphule lo mshini.
Un isivunguvungu somoya kungaba yedwa noma ku amapulazi omoya, emhlabeni owakha i- amapulazi omoya asogwini, ogwini lolwandle noma zingafakwa ngisho nasemanzini ngebanga elithile ukusuka ogwini kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ipulazi lomoya elisogwini lolwandle noma lolwandle.
Umthethosisekelo we-turbine yomoya noma i-turbine yomoya
Kunezinkulungwane zamapulazi omoya agcwele amamodeli TEEH (ovundlile eksisi imishini yomoya). Le mishini yakhiwe yizingxenye ezilandelayo.
Umbhoshongo nesisekelo: Izisekelo zombhoshongo zingaba yisicaba noma zijule, ziqinisekise ezimweni zombili ukuzinza kwomoya ophephela, ukubophela kwe-nacelle kanye nezinsimbi zemoto. Isisekelo kufanele futhi simunce ukuqhuma okubangelwa ukwehluka namandla omoya.
Imibhoshongo ingaba yizinhlobo ezahlukene ngokuya ngezici zayo:
- Insimbi i-tubularImishini eminingi yomoya yakhiwe ngemibhoshongo yensimbi eyi-tubular.
- Imibhoshongo ephathekayo: Zakhiwe endaweni efanayo, zivumela ukuphakama okudingekayo ukuthi kubalwe.
- Imibhoshongo kakhonkolo Precast: Zihlanganiswe yizicucu ezenziwe ngomumo futhi izingxenye zazo zibekwa endaweni efanayo.
- Izakhiwo zeLattice: Zenziwa kusetshenziswa amaphrofayli ensimbi.
- AmaHybrids: Zingaba nezici nezinto zokwakha zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zombhoshongo.
- Imibhoshongo eqinisiwe yemimoya enomoya: Zibonakala ngokuba yimishini yomoya enobukhulu obuncane.
Ukujikeleza: I-Rotor "yinhliziyo" yazo zonke izivunguvungu zomoya, njengoba isekela ama-turbine blades, ibashukumise ngomshini nangokujikeleza ukuguqula umfutho womoya ube ngamandla.
I-Gondola: Yinhloko ebonakala kakhulu yomoya ophephela emoyeni, isigqoko sokuzivikela esifihla futhi sigcine yonke imishini ye-turbine. Igondola lijoyina umbhoshongo usebenzisa amabhele ukwazi ukulandela ukuholwa umoya.
Yandisa ibhokisi: Ngaphezu kokukwazi ukumelana nokwehluka komoya, u-gearbox unomsebenzi wokuhlanganisa isivinini sokujikeleza esiphansi se-rotor kanye nesivinini esikhulu se-generator. Njengoba izwi lakhe uqobo lisho; ikwazi ukuphindaphinda i-18-50 rpm eyenziwe ukunyakaza kwemvelo kwe-rotor cishe ku-1.750 rpm lapho ishiya i-generator.
Umkhiqizi: Iphethe ukuguqula amandla kagesi abe ngamandla kagesi. Kuma-turbine anamandla amakhulu, kusetshenziswa ama-generator asynchronous aphakanyiswe kabili, yize ama-generator ajwayelekile ahambisanayo nawase-asynchronous nawo egcwele.
Amabhuleki: Amabhuleki emishini asetshenziswa esitimeleni samandla, lapho kudingeka khona ukungqubuzana okuphezulu kokungqubuzana ekumeni okumile nangokukhulu kokucindezelwa.
Imishini kagesi ye-turbine yomoya noma i-windmill
Imishini yomoya zamanje Akwenziwa kuphela ngamabhande ne-generator ukuletha amandla ashibhile emakhaya. Ama-wind turbines kufanele futhi abe ne- uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla ngamunye nezinzwa eziningi. Lezi zamuva zikwazi ukuqapha nokukala izinga lokushisa, ukuqondisa komoya, isivinini salo neminye imingcele engabonakala ngaphakathi kwegondola noma endaweni ezungezile.
