Kukhona inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ezitholakalayo zokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Le nto ephilayo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-biomass. Amandla angatholakala ngokushisa i-biomass ngendlela eqhubekayo, ngoba ziyizinsizakusebenza ezingapheli ngesikhathi.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze ukusetshenziswa kwe-biomass evela emahlathini kube okusimeme, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukugawulwa kwezinkuni kwenziwa ngendlela ekhethiwe, maqondana nezikhathi zezihlahla nokugcwalisa izinkathi zokuvuselelwa kotshani. Uma siqala ukugawula futhi sigawula imithi, ukuthola amandla kwi-biomass ngeke kusimame. Ukuphathwa kwamahlathi kanye ne-biomass esimeme kufanele kugcwaliswe kanjani ukugwema ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi emhlabeni jikelele?
Ukuxhashazwa kwamahlathi
Namuhla ohlelweni lwethu lwezomnotho lwamanje, konke okusetshenziswayo kunikezwa inani lezomnotho futhi "kuyabhekwa." Kungakho, uma sisebenzisa amahlathi njengenye indlela yokukhiqiza amandla, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kungagwenywa emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, amahlathi kufanele aphathwe kahle futhi avuseleleke amandla e-biomass asetshenziswa ngendlela esimeme.
Lokhu kuxoxwa ngakho endabeni kaMarcos Francos, waseGrup de Recerca Ambiental Mediterrània, ovela eMnyangweni WezeJografi eNyuvesi yaseBarcelona, noMaría Pardo-Lucas, ovela eMnyangweni WezeJografi e-University of Salamanca. Ukugawulwa kwemithi okukhethiwe kanye nokwenziwa kwesakhiwo semibala esingapheli esihlahleni sehlathi kungasiza ukufeza izinhloso zokuthola indlela yamandla kagesi we-biomass futhi, sizokwazi ukugcina izindawo ezisuliwe ngohlobo oluthile lokuzilibazisa ezindaweni zasemakhaya kanye nokusimama nemvelo . Lezi zenzo futhi zisiza ukuvimbela imililo yehlathi.
Isibonelo, kwezinye izindawo zasePeru izinhlelo zokutshalwa kwamahlathi zenziwa ngenhloso yamandla. Ngale ndlela, isimo samahlathi siyatshalwa futhi kutholakala i-biomass eyanele ukuze, ngendlela esimeme ngesikhathi nendawo, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi we-biomass kungasetshenziswa. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela kumele yenziwe ngendlela esimeme, ngoba, uma kungenjalo, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kungabhubhisa imvelo encike kulezi zinkumbi zamahlathi, kubandakanya zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo, izilwane nezinye. Le nkinga yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithombo yehlathi ithinta ngaphezu kwawo wonke amazwe omhlaba wesithathu lapho ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lwamandla kuyinto ejwayelekile yosuku.
I-panorama eSpain
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, eSpain, ubukhulu behlathi bukhuphukile eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule ngenxa yokuxoshwa kwabantu emaphandleni. Lo ngumcimbi wezomnotho nezenhlalo osuselwe ekushiyweni kwemvelo yasemakhaya ibheke emadolobheni amakhulu. Lokhu kudala ukwehla ekusetshenzisweni kwemithombo yehlathi, ukuze ivumela amahlathi nezindawo zemvelo ukuba zivuseleleke. Njengoba bengekho abantu abaningi kangaka abahlala emaphandleni, ukuxhashazwa kwamahlathi sekuqalile njengokucoca nokugawula ngokukhetha ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi we-biomass.
Izinsalela zokukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi zokusetshenziswa kubhayela le-pellet ezisisebenzelayo, zingabuyiselwa ehlathini futhi zisabalale phansi ukusiza ukuvuselelwa kwenhlabathi nokuvikelwa kuma-agent angaphandle.
Kunezinhlelo ezisebenza ekuphatheni inhlabathi, ezinye ezokuphathwa kwamahlathi nokulawulwa kwamahlathi, njll. Zonke zihloselwe ukusetshenziswa okusimeme kwemithombo yehlathi kanye nokwenziwa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Ngalokhu esinakho izinzuzo ezimbili ezicacile: izinsiza kusetshenziswa futhi izindawo zehlathi ziyasetshenziswa futhi ziyanakekelwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikelwe ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo nezindawo zemvelo futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sikhiqiza amandla avuselelekayo, sigweme ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ezimbiwa.
Umthelela esikalini somhlaba jikelele
Lezi zinhlelo zokutshalwa kwamahlathi zisiza ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamahlathi emhlabeni jikelele. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kulahlekile amahektha ayizigidi eziyi-125 ehlathi lemvelo, kodwa-ke kuhlwelwe amahlathi zikhuphuke ngamahektha ayizigidi ezingama-31.
Inkinga ngalolu hlobo lokuxhashazwa ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokungakhethi kwenziwa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa ye-Kyoto Protocol, kwasungulwa izindlela zokunxephezela ezomnotho ukukhuthaza amazwe ukuthi enze ukuphathwa kwehlathi okusimeme futhi angaqhubeki nokugawula ngokungakhethi.