Siyazi ukuthi amaxhaphozi e-Doñana ayisiqiwu esibaluleke kakhulu kulo lonke elaseSpain. Isomiso esibhekene ne-Andalusia siya ngokuya sishuba njengoba isikhathi sihamba. Lolu hlobo lwe-ecosystem luyasinda ngenxa yemvula kanye nokunqwabelana kwamanzi. Izimila nezilwane zijwayelana nalezi zindawo futhi ngokwandayo ukuntuleka kwamanzi eDoñana.
Kulesi sihloko sizokunikeza ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga zokuntuleka kwamanzi e-Doñana nokuthi iyini imiphumela yayo esikhathini esifushane, esiphakathi nesikhathi eside.
Ukuntuleka kwamanzi eDoñana
Imvelo yasemanzini nesemhlabeni ye-Doñana National Park inikeza izimo ezikahle zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kule ndawo evikelekile. Kuleli paki lemvelo elinamahektha angaphezu kuka-50.000 asakazwa ezifundazweni zaseHuelva, eCádiz naseSeville. lapho kutholakala khona ezinye zezinhlobo ezimele kakhulu zendawo yaseSpain, njenge-lynx yase-Iberia noma ukhozi, zonke ezisengozini yokushabalala. Kodwa, ngaphezu kwendawo yayo eyinhlanhla (phakathi kwe-Afrika neYurophu, phakathi koLwandlekazi i-Atlantic kanye noLwandle iMedithera), iDoñana iphinde ibe yindawo engamaxhaphozi eyingqayizivele eYurophu, indawo engcwele yezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezinyoni zase-Afrika nezaseYurophu.
Amanzi awumthombo wokuphila kwesiqiwu, kodwa asephenduke umbango kubalimi bakule ndawo. Kulokhu, akuwona amanzi anosawoti emanzini olwandle, kodwa amanzi anosawoti e-aquifer engaphansi komhlaba ondla ukuphila endaweni engamaxhaphozi enkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu futhi ebhekene nezinsongo ezinkulu namuhla.
Yisomiso esisondelayo, ukuncipha kwemithombo yamanzi kanye nokubekezela kwamaqembu ezemvelo kanye nabalimi abaningi esifundeni abaye babona ukuthi ukumba imithombo okungekho emthethweni kuye kwawaqeda kanjani amachibi abathembele kuwo ukuze baphile.
Ukuntuleka kwamanzi e-Doñana akukusha, kodwa kuphinde kwavela kamuva nje ngenxa yesimo sezulu esiphindwe kabili kanye nenkinga yemvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isomiso sinzima phakathi nonyaka nemvula encane kakhulu, enomthelela oqondile empilweni ye-aquifer, okuyinto njengamanje ilinganiselwa ukuthi ingaphansi kwama-30% omthamo wayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umthethosivivinywa ophikisanayo ungagunyaza ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kwezilimo eziniselwe, ikakhulukazi ama-strawberries nezinye izithelo ezibomvu, kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-Doñana norte" esifundazweni sase-Huelva.
Eqinisweni, imithetho esacutshungulwayo njengamanje ingasho ukuthi cishe amahektha ayizi-2.000 XNUMX ezilimo eziniselwayo angaphansi kwemithombo yamanzi etholwe ngokungemthetho, ngokwezibalo ezinikezwe i-WWF, iqembu elikhuthaze ukwakhiwa kwamapaki kazwelonke futhi manje ligxeka ukuntula kwazo ukuvikelwa. . .
ibhili entsha
Lo mthetho omusha uvuse ukuhlehla kwezinyawo ezinhlanganweni zezemvelo, izinhlangano zomphakathi, abathengi, ngisho nabalimi abathile ngokwabo: labo abagcina umthetho. Ngokungeziwe ku-Ministry of Ecological Transition, uhlaka olusha lokulawula luphinde lwagxekwa I-European Commission, eye yaxwayisa ngokuthi izofaka unswinyo eSpain uma iqhubeka nesiphakamiso. Akusona sodwa isikhungo saseYurophu esakhuluma ngokumelene nalokhu kuntuleka kwesivikelo: ngo-June odlule, iNkantolo Yezobulungiswa Ye-European Union yakhipha isinqumo esilahla ukuguqulwa kwezindawo ezivikelekile ezibangelwa ukudonswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Umehluko wukuthi, kuleli cala, isigwebo singaholela ezijezisweni ezinkulu zezimali.
Iphrojekthi ye-Strawberry kanye nokuntuleka kwamanzi e-Doñana
Ngokukhethekile, izinguquko zokulawula zifaka phakathi ukubuyekezwa Kohlelo Olukhethekile Lokuphathwa Kwehlathi laseDoñana, olwaziwa nge-Plan Fresa, egunyazwe ngowezi-2014 ukubhekana nokuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba ezingekho emthethweni. Lo mthethonqubo uzohambisana noHlelo Lokuphathwa Komhlaba lwase-Andalusia (i-POTA), olulawula ngokuqondile umkhakha wokunisela esifundeni sase-Doñana.
I-Strawberry Plan ihlukanisa umhlaba ikakhulukazi ngokusetshenziswa komhlaba (oniselwa ngenkasa futhi ondliwa yimvula), ngokusekelwe endleleni owawuhlukaniswa ngayo eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule ngesikhathi uhlelo lokusebenzisa umhlaba lugunyazwa. Nokho, ayizange icabangele ukufakwa kwamanye amasimu okuniselwa ayengakabhaliswa ngo-2004, iningi lawo elalihambisana nokusetshenziswa okungekho emthethweni okwakutshalwe kamuva. Iphrojekthi yomthetho entsha egunyazwe yiphalamende lase-Andalusi izophakamisa ukwamukelwa 'kweqiniso' layo yonke imihlaba eniselwayo ebingafakwanga ohlwini lwangaphambilini.
Izilinganiso zokuqala zithi lesi sibalo simele ukukhula kwamahektha angaba ngu-800, kodwa umbiko wochwepheshe ogunyazwe I-WWF ilinganisele umhlaba owengeziwe ongaphezu kwamahektha ayi-1.903,7, cishe ngamaphesenti ayi-140 ngaphezu kwesibalo esisemthethweni.
Amanzi amancane ukuze uthole abacheleli abaningi
"I-aquifer isetshenziswe ngokweqile futhi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokubuyisela lo mthamo obalulekile wamanzi ukunciphisa ukucindezela kwawo," kusho uCarmona, echaza ukuthi awekho amanzi anele wonke umuntu. “Ikhekhe liyafana, noma liyahlukaniswa, noma kukhishwe abantu kwi-equation, ayikho enye indlela. Okuwukuphela kwesixazululo wukunciphisa ingcindezi emanzini bese sisebenzisa uhlelo lwama-strawberry,” kuchaza uchwepheshe, ephawula lokho. amanzi angaphezulu angeke akwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sokuhlinzekwa kwalezi zisetshenziswa zokuchelela ezintsha.
Isazi sezemvelo sengezelele ngokuthi ngaphandle kokuthi sihlasele kakhulu amaxhaphozi adumile, lesi sinyathelo esiphakanyiswe ngumkhandlu wesifunda siphinde sibe nenzondo kubalimi, njengoba sijezisa futhi siklomelise labo abahlonipha umthetho. Amanzi ebiwe, aim.
Angakanani amanzi akhishwe ngokungemthetho esewonke? Amaqembu ezokulondolozwa kwemvelo alinganisela lokho imithombo engekho emthethweni njengamanje inganisela amahektha angaphezu kuka-4.700, okulingana nezinkundla zebhola likanobhutshuzwayo ezingaphezu kwezi-5.700.
"Iziphathimandla okufanele zibheke ikusasa le-Doñana azinaki izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe futhi zivumele ukuntshontshwa kwemithombo yemvelo egcina lelixhaphozi liphila," kuchaza i-WWF esitatimendeni. Eqinisweni, i-NGO isisebenze iminyaka e-Igxeka ukuntuleka kokuvikelwa kwe-aquifer, lapho imithombo engaphezu kwe-1.000 kanye namakhulu amahektha okunisela ngokungemthetho avikelekile. Umnyakazo wakhe wokugcina uwukugxeka ukuwohloka kweDoñana phambi kwe-Unesco kanye ne-European Commission, evumelene nezazi zemvelo. Izinqumo zabo zesikhathi esizayo zizophawula ikusasa lalesi Sizinda Samagugu Omhlaba esiyisimangaliso.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuntuleka kwamanzi e-Doñana nemiphumela yako.