Abantu baya ngokuya besebenzisa izinsiza zemvelo, okuguqulela ekushintsheni kwemvelo ohlelweni lwendalo kanye namazinga omhlaba. Umonakalo esiwenzayo emhlabeni wethu ungalinganiswa, njengoba njengamanje izinhlobo ezingu-32.000 zisengozini, ngokusho kwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Ukuze ugweme lesi simo, umqondo we kabusha noma ukuphinda.
Kulesi sihloko sizochaza ukuthi kuyini ukwenza kabusha, ukuthi kwenziwani, yiziphi izinjongo eziphishekelayo nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani.
Yini evuselelayo
Ukubuyisela kabusha kuchazwa njengomqondo wokongiwa kwesilinganiso esikhulu okuhloswe ngawo ukubuyisela nokuvikela izindawo zemvelo ngokuletha kabusha izinhlobo ezibalulekile kanye nokukhuthaza ukuxhumana phakathi kwezindawo eziphazanyiswe imisebenzi yabantu.
Ekuqaleni, igama elithi rewilding lalisetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa amasu agxile ekubuyiseleni izinhlobo zamatshe ayinhloko ezilwane ezidla ezinye eziphakeme zibe i-ecosystem efuna ukubuyisela ibhalansi yazo yokudla okunomsoco. Isibonelo esisodwa i-Yellowstone wolf, eyakhululwa yangena epaki ngo-1926 ngemva kokuba inani elikhulu lama-elk libangele ukuba lesi silwane sinyamalale.
Iqiniso liwukuthi namuhla ukuphindaphinda kuhlanganisa iziyalo eziningi ezengeziwe. Akukhona nje ukubuyisela izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kumayelana nokubuyisela ubuqotho bemvelo bendawo ezungezile nokunciphisa umthelela wabantu kukho. Inhloso icacile futhi imfushane: ukubuyiselwa kwemvelo kufunwa kuze kufike ezingeni lapho i-ecosystem ingakwazi ukuzilawula ngokwemvelo futhi.
Izici eziyinhloko
Okubaluleke kakhulu mayelana nokuphindaphinda ukubuyiselwa kwezinhlobo zemvelo ezindaweni lapho esezinyamalele khona. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubuyisa izilwane ezidla ezinye nezilwane ezidla uhlaza ezazihlala kulezo zindawo, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwe iwebhu yokusebenzelana okuyinkimbinkimbi kwemvelo. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ibhalansi yemvelo iyakhuthazwa futhi izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezilahlekile ziyabuyiselwa.
ukuphindwaphindwa ikhuthaza ukulandelana kwezinqubo zemvelo nezizenzekela esikhundleni sokuphathwa kwabantu okujulile. Ifuna ukuvumela izimiso zemvelo ukuthi zizilawule ngokwazo futhi zithuthuke ngokuzimele. Lokhu kusho ukuvumela imifula ilandele inkambo yayo yemvelo, okuvumela ukulandelana kwemvelo kanye nokunciphisa ukugxambukela komuntu ku-dynamics ye-ecosystem.
Iphinde igxile ekwakhiweni kwezindawo ezivikelekile kanye nemihubhe yezilwane zasendle ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuhamba ngokukhululeka kwezinhlobo zezilwane futhi kube lula ukufuduka nokuhlakazeka. Lezi zindawo zinikeza indawo ephephile kanye namathuba okuzalanisa izilwane ezisengozini futhi zisiza ukugcina ukuxhumana phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlala ezihlukene.
Ngaphezu kokubuyiselwa kwe-ecosystem, ukuphindaphinda kuhlose ukukhuthaza ukuxhumana ngokomzwelo phakathi kwabantu nemvelo. Kufunwa ukuthi abantu baphinde baxhumane nendawo yabo yemvelo, bazise ubuhle bayo futhi baqonde ukubaluleka kokulondolozwa kwayo. Lokhu kufezwa ngemfundo yezemvelo, ezokuvakasha kwemvelo kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwemiphakathi yendawo ekuvuseleleni amaphrojekthi.
Izisekelo kanye nendlela yokwenza kabusha
Ukubuyisela kabusha kusekelwe ekuhlaziyeni nasesenzweni ezinsikeni ezintathu eziyisisekelo ze-ecosystem: inkimbinkimbi ye-trophic, ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo kanye nokuxhumana. Ngezansi, sichaza ngayinye yalezi zisekelo ngokuningiliziwe.
ubunzima be-trophic
Lena indlela eseduze kakhulu yombono wangempela wokuguqula kabusha. Izilwane ezinkulu ezidla uhlaza zinemithelela eminingana ku-ecosystem ezihlala kuzo, njengoba zithinta ngokuqondile enye intela, njengezinyoni ezincane, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinambuzane, nezitshalo ngemisebenzi yazo yokuphequlula nokusebenzisa imifino. imvelo yemvelo zisesilinganisweni esiphelele ngoba ama-super predators zigcina lezi zidalwa ezinkulu ngaphandle ukuze imisebenzi yazo ingaphumi esandleni, ngokuyisisekelo noma iyiphi indawo ezungezile iba ipeni elomile.
Lapho indoda ibeka isandla sayo lapho okungafanele khona, lebhalansi iphatheke kabi ngokuphelele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenxa yokuntuleka kwezilwane ezizingelayo, ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokudla, noma ukuzingela ngokuqondile, ezimweni eziningi lezi zilwane ezidla ezinye eziyingozi nezinye izinhlobo zamatshe ayinhloko zigcina sezishintshiwe, okusho ukuthi imiphakathi yabo inciphe kakhulu noma inyamalala ngokuphelele.
Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-trophic akucabangi nje kuphela ukwethulwa kabusha kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ebeziku-ecosystem, kodwa kuyisihluthulelo sokunakekelwa kwe-ecosystem, njengoba kungase kusingathwe nangezindlela ezisebenzayo nezivimbelayo. Ukuhlalisana kwabantu kanye nezinhlobo ze-ecosystem, okwaziwa ngokuthi ukwakhiwa kabusha okwenziwayo, kungakhuthazwa noma kushaywe umthetho ukuze kukhawulwe noma kuvinjwe ukuzingela kwezilwane ezisengozini.
Uma uhlobo lwentshisekelo lunyamalele ngokuphelele, ukwethulwa kabusha noma ukushintshwa kwemvelo kungacatshangelwa (ukushintsha kusuka kolunye uhlobo kuye kolunye olufaneleka kakhulu ukuya endaweni yemvelo engalinganiseli enomsebenzi ofanayo), nakuba kungaba yingozi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yebo, kufanele kuqashelwe lapho kuguqulwa imvelo, njengoba imiphumela ingase ingenakuhlehliswa.
ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo
Nakuba kungase kungabonakali sengathi ekuqaleni, akuzona zonke izinhlekelele zemvelo ezimbi ezingeni le-ecosystem. Isibonelo, ukuba khona kwezinambuzane eziphilayo, imililo emincane, noma izikhukhula ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezijwayelekile kukhuthaza ukumiswa kabusha kwezinhlelo zemvelo nezinhlobo zazo, okuhumushela ekuhlukeni okukhulu kwebhayoloji.
Ezilungiselelweni ze-anthropogenic, ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo kuvame ukucindezelwa noma ukulawulwa ngendlela enqumayo, iqiniso elingaholela ezinhlekeleleni ezinkulu (isibonelo, imililo emincane embalwa ingavimbela imililo emikhulu ezayo). Le nsika yokwakha kabusha ihlose ukubuyisela ukungahleleki kwezehlakalo zemvelo: akukhona mayelana nokuthi yonke into ilawulwa abantu, kodwa imayelana nezinhlelo zemvelo ezizilawula ngendlela enengqondo kakhulu.
ukuxhuma kabusha
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezibalo zezinto eziphilayo kubalulekile ngoba ukugeleza kwezakhi zofuzo kuvimbela imiphumela yokukhukhuleka kofuzo ekubeni ekugcineni ibe yingozi ezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo. Ngaphandle kokuhlosa ukungena emagameni ofuzo abalekela leli thuba, singafingqa yonke inqubo ngalo mqondo olandelayo: Umuntu omusha ovakashile emphakathini uwumoya ohlanzekile ngoba angaletha ukuhlukahluka okusha kwezakhi zakhe zofuzo, ezizosabalala. ukuzala futhi kudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
Ngeshwa ukwakheka kwemvelaphi yabantu abaningi kwakhawula noma kwanqamula ngokuqondile ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu. Iqiniso lokuthi into elula njengomgwaqo ingaba isithiyo esingenakunqotshwa ezintweni eziningi eziphilayo lenza kube nzima ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezikhungo ezihlukene zabantu zohlobo olufanayo.
Leli gatsha lokuhlela kabusha libhekana nale nkinga ukudala amaphasishi emvelo (izakhiwo ezivumela izilwane ukuhambahamba ngenkathi abantu bezakha) noma ukuvele ugweme ukwakha lezi zakhiwo kwasekuqaleni. Izinyathelo zokuxhumanisa abantu ziyahlukahluka, kodwa inhloso iyonke ukuzama ukubuyisela ukugeleza kofuzo okwenzeka ngokwemvelo kuma-ecosystem.
Ngethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuhlela kabusha nezici zakhona.