Lapho sikhetha ezokuthutha ukusuka endaweni eya kwenye, kufanele sicabangele ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ukukhishwa emkhathini, intengo kaphethiloli, ibanga lohambo, njll. Ngale ndlela singakhetha ukuthi iziphi izindlela zokuhamba ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Kulokhu sizokwenza ucwaningo oluncane futhi ukuhlola ukuthi iziphi izindlela zokuhamba ezisebenza kahle futhi ezingangcolisi kangako ohambweni oluphakathi kwamadolobha aseYurophu. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi okuhle kakhulu?
Ezokuthutha
EYurophu, ikhiqizwa kuphela nge-1% yengqikithi yokukhishwa kwegesi engcolisa ukushisa ekhiqizwa nguMkhakha Wezokuthutha. Le mininingwane ikhishwe kwi-Eco-innovation Laboratory embikweni wokuqala ekhishwe ngamathrendi wokuhamba. Lo mbiko ukhiqizwe ngokubambisana neFerrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Alstom, Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona ne Railgrup futhi wethula «ukuhlaziywa kokubaluleka kwe-eco-innovation esimweni samanje somkhakha wokuhamba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mbiko ukhombisa ukuthambekela okuhlukile namacala angempela ngezinkampani ezibonisa ukuthi kanjani I-eco-innovation inegalelo ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwegesi ekhombisa ukushisa, okuyizo ezidala ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Futhi sinokonga ezintweni zokusetshenziswa namandla, sikhuphula inani lezinto ezingaphatheki ezihlonishwa yimakethe futhi kuyisu elihle elinikeza inzuzo ezinkampanini.
Iziphi izindlela zokuhamba ezisebenza kahle kakhulu?
Ngemuva kokutadisha nokuhlola konke okuguqukayo okukhulunywe ngenhla, lo mbiko uqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthuthwa kwezitimela kuyindlela esebenza kahle kakhulu yokuthuthwa komhlaba futhi nangaphezulu kakhulu kolwandle. Ukufinyelela kulesi siphetho, bacabangele ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ngethani ngalinye elihanjisiwe. Njengoba ngike ngasho phambilini, ezokuthutha ngesitimela zenza ngaphansi kuka-1% wemali ekhishwa yigesi engcolisayo ekhishwa emkhakheni wezokuthutha. Yini enye, Lo mkhakha uzibophezele ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwawo ngama-50% uma kuqhathaniswa namanani we-1990.
Inhloso enkulu kunazo zonke umkhakha wezokuthutha onayo ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2050, kuhloswe ukuthi kube nesimo sokungathathi hlangothi ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni. ISpain inenethiwekhi yezitimela engaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-15.200. Kulezi, ezingama-2.322 80 zingezolayini abanejubane elikhulu (iSpain inethiwekhi yesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni enesivinini esikhulu). Imboni yezitimela yaseSpain ithumela emazweni angaphezu kwama-XNUMX. Ngaphezu kwama-50% wokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwezinkampani zaseSpain ezincane neziphakathi nendawo (ama-SME) enzelwe amazwe e-European Union.
Kumele futhi sinake ukuthi njengamanje inethiwekhi kamasipala emhlabeni jikelele yamukela abagibeli abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 ngosuku. Ukwenza isibikezelo sokuthi, ngo-2050, ama-70% omphakathi womhlaba azobe esehlala emadolobheni, kufanele sinake ukuthi ukuthuthwa kwezitimela kuzoba yinto ebalulekile emphakathini.
Izinselelo zokuthuthwa kwezitimela
Umbiko wemikhuba emisha ye-eco-innovation ekuhambeni kwezitimela ukhomba izinselelo ezintathu ezinkulu umkhakha wezokuthutha okuzodingeka uzinqobe. Okokuqala, okungukuhamba kwezitimela, kuthanda intuthuko esimeme ngoba, ngenxa yokukhishwa kwegesi ephansi yokushisa ukushisa, kungaba yinto esemqoka. Okwesibili ukwenziwa kwedijithali, ukuhamba okuhlanganisiwe kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi, ngoba ukukhuphuka kobuchwepheshe bolwazi izoguqula indlela esondela ngayo ekuhambeni. Okwesithathu ukukhulisa izitimela nengqalasizinda eziqhubeka kahle ukuze kungalahlekelwa ukuncintisana ezimakethe ngokulwa nezinto ezingavuseleleki.
Ukwenza ngcono ukuthuthwa kwezitimela kusho ukunikela ngokuhlangenwe nakho okungcono kokuhamba indlu ngendlu kubasebenzisi bayo, ukwenza kube semthethweni inani lokwehluka uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zokuhamba. Yisixazululo esisheshayo semodi emizileni yaseYurophu phakathi kwamadolobha, I-12% ngokushesha kunezindiza futhi ingu-25% ingaphansi kokukhishwa kwe-CO2, yize inkinga enkulu ukwahlukana okukhulu okukhona enkundleni yomhlaba wonke.