USoria uphakamise ukuthi kube idolobha lokuqala laseSpain elingenawo u-zero carbon. Kusukela ngo-2015, ama-boilers kagesi noma kadizili athathelwa indawo ngamanye amandla avuselelekayo wokuphakelwa kwamanzi ashisayo nokushisa. Iphrojekthi yama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-14, ngezimali ezivela ku- I-Official Credit Institute (ICO), esesikhiphe izigidi ezine ngokusebenzisa inkampani ephethe izimali zayo i-Axis, kanye neSuma Capital ezinze eBarcelona.
Inethiwekhi yokushisa ye-Soria, njengoba lolu hlelo luphethwe futhi luthengiswa yinkampani yakwaSoria Rebi, okweqembu Amax bie, isivele inamakhasimende ayi-8.000 ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwesigaba sayo sokuqala. Kubandakanya kusuka emiphakathini yabanikazi kuya kumahhotela, izibhedlela, izikole, amachibi okubhukuda, amakhaya asebekhulile nezinhlangano zomphakathi.
Isitshalo se-biomass se ukusetshenziswa okushisayo, inamandla we-18kw, idla amathani ayi-16.000 wezinto ezingamahlathi ngonyaka, ekhiqiza amahora angama-kilowatt ayizigidi ezingama-45 ngonyaka.
Le nkampani inabasebenzi abangama-50, nalokhu igwema amathani ayi-16.000 esikhutha(CO2) ngonyaka. "Sisiza ukubuyisa leli hlathi futhi siligcine lihlanzekile," kusho u-Alberto Gómez, isikhulu salo.
Inethiwekhi iyisifunda samanzi ashisayo esivaliwe esingamakhilomitha angama-28, kuchaza uBorondo. “Impahla yehlathi ibekwe kulesi sitshalo, enama-boiler amathathu e-biomass amamegawathi ayisithupha umuntu ngamunye, ngemuva kokuhlungwa nokuhlungwa. Lokhu kuvimbela noma yiliphi igatsha ekuvaleni uhlelo ”, uyanezela.
Amanzi afudunyezwa ukushisa okwenziwe ngesikhathi somlilo bese eqhutshwa ngamapayipi aya edolobheni, kuyaqhubeka. Esakhiweni ngasinye, inkampani ifaka isiteshi sokushintshanisa, okwenza amanzi asesifundeni sawo azimele kuleso sakhiwo. "Siqinisekisa ukonga phakathi kuka-10% no-25%, ngokwezinga elikhethiwe; kuphela ugesi osetshenzisiwe okhokhiswayo ngenxa yamamitha athile alinganisa amandla adluliselwe ekhaya ”.
I-Ampliación
URebi wandisa izinsizakalo zakhe enkabeni naseningizimu yeSoria, enethemba lokuthi izoletha inani labasebenzisi lifike ku-16.000. Ukuhlangabezana nalesi sidingo esikhuphukile, inkampani ifakiwe imishini emisha (i-inertial accumulator) yokugcina amandla ashisayo kanye nesistimu yokumpompa amanzi. "Sibonile eYurophu ukuthi lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, kunokufaka enye imishini yokushisa umlilo," kusho uBorondo.
Leyo eseSoria akuyona ukuphela kwephrojekthi. Leli qembu laqala ukuhlola leli bhizinisi ngo-2009, libona amandla amahlathi eCastilla y León kanye nokuhlushwa kwezakhiwo ezinama-boilers kaphethiloli esifundazweni esinobusika obubanda kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, inethiwekhi yayo yokuqala yavela kumasipala waseSoria we Olvega, isebenza kusukela ngo-2012, noma e-University of Valladolid. Manje ngivele ngiwele phansi U-Aranda de Duero (Burgos), ngemuva kwesivumelwano nehholo ledolobha lase-Arandino lokuphakela amakhaya nezinhlangano zomphakathi ezingama-3.000, ngokutshalwa kwezigidi eziyisishiyagalombili.
Imisebenzi izoqala ngo-Okthoba futhi izosebenza eminyakeni emibili, balindele kanjalo. Izinhlelo zenkampani nazo zidlulela ku Guadalajara (Castilla-La Mancha), ngenkathi kwenziwa amalayisense.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwe-biomass eSpain
Ngokulandelayo sizobona amagrafu ahlukene, akhombisa ukuvela kwe ezintathu zezici eziyinhloko komkhakha wamandla: amandla alinganiselwa ku-kW, inani lokufakwa namandla akhiqizwa ku-GWh. Umthombo wedatha esetshenzisiwe yiwebhu ekhethekile emkhakheni: www.yerusa.es.
Yini i-Observatoriobiomasa.es?
La I-Spanish Association for Biomass Energy Valorization (AVEBIOM) idale le webhusayithi ngo-2016 ukuze letha idatha ye-biomass kanye nezilinganiso kubantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, ngenhloso enkulu yokuletha ndawonye, endaweni eyodwa, ulwazi ngokusetshenziswa kwe-biomass eshisayo eSpain.
Ngenxa yedatha ye-AVEBIOM kanye nalezo ezinikezwe yiNational Observatory of Biomass Boilers kanye neBiofuel Price Index, ngaphezu kwe ukusebenzisana kwezinkampani nezinhlangano emkhakheni we-biomass, ingakhiqiza ukuvela, iqhathanise futhi inikeze idatha nezilinganiso.
Igrafu 1: Ukuvela kwenani lokufakwa kwe-biomass eSpain
Isibonelo esicacile sokuqhuma okukhulu kwalobu buchwepheshe yi- ukwanda kwenani lokufakwa yalolu hlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo.
Imininingwane yakamuva etholakalayo ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2015 bekukhona ukufakwa okungu-160.036 eSpain. Ukwanda kwamaphesenti angama-25 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule.
Eminyakeni eyi-8 eyedlule, bekungekho ukufakwa okungu-10.000 kanti ngo-2015 besekudlulile ku-160.000, kusobala ukuthi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo nokwanda kwe-biomass ezweni lethu iqiniso eliqinisekisiwe futhi kubonakala ngokucacile.
Amabilisi
Siyakhumbula ukuthi lama-boilers asetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla we-biomass kanye nokwenziwa kokushisa emakhaya nasezakhiweni. Basebenzisa njengomthombo wamandla okokubasa kwemvelo njengama-pellets ezinkuni, imigodi yeminqumo, izinsalela zehlathi, amagobolondo wamantongomane, njll. Zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukufudumeza amanzi emakhaya nasezakhiweni.
Igrafu 2: Ukuvela kwamandla alinganiselwa we-biomass eSpain (kW)
Umphumela ocacile wokwanda kwenani lokufakwa ukwanda kwamandla alinganisiwe.
Ingqikithi yamandla afakiwe alinganiselwa iSpain kwaba 7.276.992 kW ngo-2015. Uma uyiqhathanisa nesikhathi esedlule, inani lamandla afakiwe lenyuke ngama-21,7% uma kuqhathaniswa nango-2014, lapho isilinganiso se-kW besingaphansi nje kwezigidi eziyisithupha.
Ukukhula okutholwe ngamandla aphelele afakiwe kusuka ku-2008 kuya kwimininingwane yokugcina enikezwe ngo-2015 kube ngama-381%, isuka ku-1.510.022 kW iye ngaphezu kwe-7.200.000.
Igrafu 3: Ukuvela kwamandla okwenziwe eSpain (GWh)
Ukuqedela ngamagrafu, sizohlaziya ukuvela ngesikhathi se- iminyaka engama-8 edlule yamandla akhiqizwa yila mandla eSpain.
Njengamamethrikhi amabili wangaphambilini, ukukhula kuhlala njalo eminyakeni edlule 2015, nge-12.570 GWh, unyaka onevolumu ephezulu kakhulu ye-GWh. 20,24% ngaphezu kuka-2014. Ukwanda kwamandla okwenziwa yi-biomass kusukela ngo-2008 kube ngama-318%.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-biomass phakathi kwemithombo yamandla eyinhloko yezwe lethu kuyaqhubeka nokuqhubeka njalo. Ukubona kahle ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuhle bheka nje imininingwane yango-2008.
Ngaleso sikhathi kube nokufakwa okungu-9.556 okhiqize amandla alinganiselwa ku-3.002,3 GWh ngamandla alinganiselwa ku-1.510.022 Kw nango-2015, okokugcina idatha iyatholakala, inyuke yaya ku-12.570 GWh yamandla akhiqizwayo, ukufakwa okungu-160.036 no-7.276.992 Kw wamandla alinganisiwe.