ISpain ingeyesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngokukhiqiza ukhokho emhlabeni futhi inengxenye yesine yomhlaba kuma-oki kakhokho. Ngakho-ke, ukuba nomkhuba sebenzisa kabusha ukhokho omhlophe Kungaba indlela enhle yokweseka le mboni kanye nokwenza ngcono indawo yethu. Ukhokho usengozini ngoba uvame ukuthathelwa indawo izinto zokwenziwa. Uma ama-oki kakhokho engawusizo kwezomnotho asengozini futhi angaba usongo.
Ngakho-ke, sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokugaywa kabusha kukakhokho omhlophe, izici nokubaluleka kwawo.
Sebenzisa kabusha ukhokho omhlophe
Njengoba kushiwo yi-Ecoembes (uhlelo lwaseSpain lokulawula ukugaywa kabusha kokupakisha), abathengi kufanele bagcine imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokhokho wemvelo emaphaketheni ezinto eziphilayo, emaphaketheni ansundu, ukuze bangavimbeli ukugaywa kabusha kokupakisha, kodwa baqinisekisa ukuthi bathola izivimbi zikakhokho ezimbalwa kakhulu. Inkampani egaywa kabusha ibe-ke inesibopho sokuyiphatha futhi iyithumele endaweni elawulwayo yokulahla udoti noma ohlelweni oluthile lokubuyisela amandla.
Izikhokho ezisetshenzisiwe azikwazi ukuphinda zisetshenzisweikakhulukazi uma iqukethe uketshezi noma ishiya izinsalela zixhumene nokudla noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo noma ezingaphili, ngenxa yokuthi zonakele noma zihlangane nezinsalela zomkhiqizo futhi imboni ayikwazi ukukwamukela futhi. Nakuba ingasetshenziswa kabusha, okungukuthi, impahla ingasetshenziswa ngemva kokwelashwa okufanele.
Kodwa-ke, ingilazi noma izinhlelo zokupakisha kabusha azikho, nakuba kukhona isipiliyoni kulo mkhakha, okwamanje asikho isakhiwo esihle sokugaywa kabusha kukakhokho, okwamanje emba eqolo futhi engabangela ukungcola okwengeziwe.
Ukugaywa kabusha kukakhokho ongasetshenzisiwe kunezinzuzo zemvelo nezomnotho. Ithatha ukongiwa kwensiza, ukuguqulwa noma ezokuthutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ukhokho wemvelo ungasetshenziswa kabusha noma usetshenziswe, ngaphezu kwezinzuzo ezishiwo kakade, imboni izophinde ikhiqize imisebenzi eluhlaza.
Nakuba kusengenzeka ukuba ugaywe kabusha izivalo zikakhokho zemvelo ezisetshenzisiwe, sikunikeza imibono eminingana ukuze uphinde usebenzise izivimbela zikakhokho, omunye wemikhiqizo esetshenziswa kakhulu evela kule nto izivalo zikakhokho.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ukhokho omhlophe noma i-polystyrene enwetshiwe (EPS), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polystyrene noma i-polystyrene, iyimpahla yepulasitiki enegwebu ethathwe ku-polystyrene, esetshenziswa ekwenzeni iziqukathi nokupakishwa noma njengento efaka ukushisa eshisayo ne-acoustic.
Phakathi kwezici zayo bagqamisa ukukhanya, ukuhlanzeka, ukumelana nomswakama, ukumelana nosawoti, ukumelana nama-acids noma amafutha, kanye nekhono lokumunca ukushaqeka, okwenza kube into ekahle yokupakisha imikhiqizo entekenteke. Futhi, njengoba ingeyona i-substrate enomsoco yama-microorganisms, ngeke ibole, ibumbe noma ibole. Lokhu kuyenza ibe into efanelekile yokupakishwa kwemikhiqizo emisha, ngakho-ke singathola kalula imikhiqizo ngefomethi yethreyi emifino, izithelo, amabhusha, abathengisi bezinhlanzi noma ama-ice cream parlors. Ezitolo ezinkulu singayithola kalula ngendlela yamathileyi abathengisi bezinhlanzi, amabhusha, izithelo, imifino kanye nama-ayisikhilimu.
Ugaywa kanjani kabusha ukhokho omhlophe
Ukhokho omhlophe noma i-polystyrene yinto egaywa kabusha ngokuphelele futhi engu-100% engasetshenziswa kabusha. Ngayo, ungakha amabhlogo wento efanayo futhi wenze izinto zokusetshenziswa zeminye imikhiqizo. Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa, kufanele igcinwe esitsheni esiphuzi esinikezelwe ezitsheni zepulasitiki.
Izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokugaya kabusha zaziwa ngokhokho omhlophe:
- Indlela eyinhloko yokugaywa kabusha isisetshenziswe amashumi eminyaka, okuhlanganisa ukucucuza okokusebenza bese kuxutshwa nezinto ezintsha ukuze kwakhiwe amabhulokhi e-EPS aqukethe kufika ku-50% wezinto ezigaywe kabusha.
- Obunye ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa ukugaywa kabusha okwamanje ukuminyana kwemishini, okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa amandla ashisayo kanye nemishini kugwebu ukuze kuhlanganiswe kakhudlwana futhi kube lula ukuliphatha.
- Futhi Izindlela ezintsha zokuncibilikisa igwebu kuzincibilikisi ezahlukene ziyafundwa ukuze kube lula ukuphatha kwayo.
Indawo lapho ukhokho omhlophe ugaywa kabusha yisitsha esiphuzi. Njengoba sonke sazi, inani elikhulu lemfucuza yepulasitiki, amathini, amathreyi e-aluminium, izikhwama zepulasitiki, njll. zingatholakala kulesi sitsha. Yingakho indawo engcono kakhulu yokugcina imfucuza ye-polexpan iyisitsha esiphuzi. Izinkampani ezigaya kabusha zizoyilahla maduze futhi zenze ukusetshenziswa okusha kwayo.
Cork sector eSpain
Njengoba sishilo, iSpain ingenye yabakhiqizi abakhulu bakakhokho emhlabeni, futhi amahlathi amakhulu e-oki kakhokho atholakala ogwini lwaseMedithera, e-Extremadura nase-Andalusia. Imboni kakhokho iyimboni ekhethekile ezuzisa ngisho nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ngoba ukunyamalala kwe-oki kakhokho kuzodala umonakalo omkhulu endaweni ezungezile. Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zamakhulu ezilwane nezitshalo zizothinteka, indawo yemvelo izoba sengozini yokuguguleka nogwadule, amandla okumunca i-carbon dioxide azolahleka, izinga lokuqashwa ezindaweni zasemaphandleni lizokwehla, noma indawo enhle yaseMedithera izobhujiswa.
Ngokusho kophethe, balinganiselwa ku-3.000 85 abasebenzi embonini. Ngaphezu kokukhiqiza izivalo zamabhodlela (ama-XNUMX% enzuzo), izimboni ezihlukene zisebenzisa ukhokho ngezakhiwo zawo zokuvikela, ukunyakaza kanye nokukhanya.
Ukugaywa kabusha kwe-polexpan
Ngemva kokuqonda lapho ukhokho omhlophe walahlwa khona, saqala ukuqonda indlela inqubo yokugaywa kabusha kukakhokho omhlophe isebenza kanjani. Njengamanje, kunezindlela ezifika kwezintathu zokugaywa kabusha kukakhokho omhlophe.
Eyokuqala idume kakhulu futhi isineminyaka eminingi ikhiqizwa. Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukuhlukanisa ukhokho omhlophe ube izingxenye ezincane. Isizathu esiyinhloko siwukuthi esikhathini esizayo izingxenye ezincane ezintsha zizohlanganiswa ukuze kwenziwe amabhlogo amasha kakhokho amhlophe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nqubo ingenye eshesha kakhulu futhi ephumelela kakhulu mayelana nokugaywa kabusha.
Kuyafaneleka ukubalula ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yangaphambilini, ezimweni eziningi kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-50% wamabhulokhi amasha kakhokho omhlophe azophinde agaywe ngezivalo zikakhokho. Ngale ndlela siqhubeka nengxoxo yethu yendlela yesibili. Inqubo isekelwe ekugxilweni kwemishini.
Ekugcineni, kwethulwa indlela yokusebenzisa amakhemikhali njengezincibilikisi. Inenhloso efanayo nendlela yangaphambili, esebenzisa amakhemikhali ukuze kube lula ukuthuthwa kukakhokho omusha omhlophe.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokugaywa kabusha kukakhokho omhlophe.