La izithombe isayensi nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, ukulawula, kanye nokubona ama-photon, ayizinhlayiya zokukhanya. I-Photonics isekela ubuchwepheshe bempilo yansuku zonke, kusukela kuma-smartphones kuya kumakhompyutha aphathekayo, i-inthanethi, amathuluzi ezokwelapha, nobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa. Ikhulu lama-XNUMX lizoncika kakhulu kuma-photonics njengekhulu lama-XNUMX kwezobuchwepheshe.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nezithombe, izici zayo nokubaluleka.
yini ama-photonics
I-Photonics isayensi yokukhanya. Kuwubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, ukulawula kanye nokutholwa kwamagagasi okukhanya nama-photons, okuyizinhlayiya zokukhanya. Izakhiwo zamagagasi kanye ama-photon angasetshenziswa ukuhlola indawo yonke, ukwelapha izifo ngisho nokuxazulula ubugebengu. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka ososayensi behlola ukukhanya. Imibala yothingo iyingxenye encane kuphela yalo lonke uhla lwamaza okukhanya, abizwa ngokuthi i-electromagnetic spectrum. I-Photonics ihlola uhla olubanzi lwamaza obude bemisebe ye-gamma yomsakazo, okuhlanganisa ama-X ray, i-ultraviolet, ne-infrared.
Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-1960 lapho uSir Isaac Newton abonisa khona ukuthi ukukhanya okumhlophe kwenziwa imibala ehlukene yokukhanya. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, uMax Planck futhi kamuva u-Albert Einstein basikisela ukuthi ukukhanya kuyigagasi nezinhlayiyana, inkolelo-mbono eyayiphikisana kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Ukukhanya kungaba kanjani izinto ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele ngesikhathi esisodwa? Ukuhlola kwakamuva kwaqinisekisa lobu bunye bokukhanya. Igama elithi photonics lavela cishe ngo-XNUMX, lapho uTheodore Maiman esungula i-laser.
Izici eziyinhloko
Noma kunjalo Asikwazi ukubona yonke i-spectrum kagesi, amaza okukhanya abonakalayo nangabonakali ayingxenye yempilo yethu yansuku zonke. I-Photonics ikhona yonke indawo; kuma-electronics omthengi (izikena zekhodi yebha, izidlali ze-DVD, izilawuli kude ze-TV), ezokuxhumana (i-inthanethi), ezempilo (ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo, izinsiza zezokwelapha), ukukhiqiza (ukusika nge-laser nokwenza machining), ukuvikela kanye nokuphepha (ikhamera ye-infrared, i-remote sensing), ukuzijabulisa (i-holoography, imibukiso ye-laser), njll.
Emhlabeni jikelele, ososayensi, onjiniyela, nochwepheshe benza ucwaningo olusezingeni eliphezulu emkhakheni wezithombe. Isayensi yokukhanya ibuye ifundiswe ngenkuthalo emakilasini nakumamnyuziyamu, lapho othisha nothisha babelana ngothando lwabo lomkhakha nentsha kanye nomphakathi. I-Photonics ivula amathuba angaziwa futhi afinyelela kude, kunqunyelwe kuphela ukuntula umcabango.
Ukubaluleka kwezithombe
I-Photonics itholakala kumakhamera edijithali nasezikrinini zama-smartphone ethu futhi ibalulekile ekwenziweni kwamasekhethi ahlanganisiwe awaqambayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkulumo nedatha esiyithumelayo nesiyitholayo ngama-smartphones ethu iguqulwa ibe ama-pulses okukhanya ngamanethiwekhi e-fiber optic angaphansi komhlaba, njenge imibhalo, umculo, izithombe namavidiyo afinyelela kumishini yethu lapho siphequlula iwebhu. Kungani usebenzise ukukhanya? Ngoba ukuthumela ulwazi ngayo kuyinto eshesha kakhulu, enokwethenjelwa futhi ephumelelayo esinayo
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhanya okwenziwayo kunganweba ubude bosuku, kuyisebenzisele imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa nekhiqizayo futhi kunikeze ukulondeka okukhulu. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa abukayeki ukuguquka, ekufuneni izinhlelo zokukhanyisa ezisebenza kahle, eziguquguqukayo, ezongayo nezivumelana nemvelo, sasuka emakhandlela saya kuma-LED.
Asikaze nanini sibe nomthombo wokukhanya osebenza kahle kangaka, ngemibala ehlukahlukene kangaka, ukuqina, okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside. Ama-LED asetshenziswa kakhulu emarobhothini, amalambu ezimoto nasezindlini, ziyakwazi nokuvula nokuvala isikhathi esifushane, zingabonakali emehlweni omuntu, okuzovumela izinhlelo zethu zokukhanyisa ukuthi zisisebenzele kanyekanye iminyaka eminingana Kuhlinzekwa Ukukhanyisa nokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi. Lobu buchwepheshe obusafufusa bubizwa nge-Li-Fi.
Izinzuzo
Ngosizo lokukhanya, ubude, izinga lokushisa, ukuguquguquka, isimo sezinto ezintathu-ntathu nezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo eziningi, izilinganiso zingenziwa ngokunemba okungenakuqhathaniswa futhi ngendlela engahlaseli. Ukukhanya kungaphinde kusinikeze ulwazi mayelana nento ekukhiphayo kanye nendlela ehamba ngayo.
Ngakho-ke, singayisebenzisa ukuze sihlole futhi siqonde indawo yonke, sibone ubukhona bokungcola, siqinisekise ikhwalithi yokudla neziphuzo, ubuthi bezinto ezithile, njll. Ukukhanya kungasetshenziswa ukulungisa izinkinga zokubona kubantu, ukubhubhisa izimila emzimbeni ngendlela engavamile kakhulu futhi ebuhlungu kakhulu, thola izifo ezithile kusenesikhathi futhi unikeze ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo okubhubhisa izilonda ngaphandle kokulimaza inhlangano yezicubu ezinempilo.
I-Photonics isetshenziswa ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke: abafundi bebhakhodi ezitolo ezinkulu, izidlali ze-DVD, izikrini zikamabonakude nezilawuli kude ezindlini zethu, ama-projektha kanye nezinhlelo zokugada amavidiyo kumasinema, njll. Ukutholwa komgunyathi, ezolimo, izinzwa, ukubona kokwenziwa, ama-microscope, izibonakude, ama-lasers, imboni yezimoto, uhla lwezinhlelo zokusebenza lubanzi kangangokuthi kusenezinto ezintsha eziningi ezizayo.
Lo mcimbi ubulokhu ubanjwa njalo eminyakeni emibili kusukela ngo-2014 futhi ziyanda izinkampani, izikhungo zocwaningo, izikhungo zemfundo nezinhlangano ezithintekayo kuma-photonics avela emhlabeni wonke ukuze zikhuthaze ukubaluleka kwawo emphakathini. Lolu suku lwakhethwa ngoba ngo-Okthoba 21, 1983, i-General Conference on Weights and Measures yamukela ukubaluleka okungaguquki 299.792,458 amakhilomitha ngomzuzwana ngesivinini sokukhanya endaweni engenalutho.
Amazwe athuthukile ayaqonda ukuthi ama-photonics azodlala indima enkulu emnothweni womhlaba. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi imakethe yomhlaba wonke yezithombe ifinyelelwe Ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-350 ngo-000 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi akhuphuke afinyelele ku-2011 billion ngo-615.. I-EU ibheka ama-photonics ahlanganiswe ne-microelectronics kanye ne-nanoelectronics, i-nanotechnology, i-biotechnology, izinto ezithuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuthuthukisiwe 'njengobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko', obuvundlile, busetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi, ezikhuthaza ukuqanjwa kabusha kanye neqhaza emphakathini omkhulu. izinselelo zinikeza izixazululo. Lobu buchwepheshe obubalulekile buzonikeza amazwe nezifunda ezizithuthukisayo futhi zizisebenzise indima yobuholi ekwakheni umnotho othuthukile, osimeme kanye noluhlaza.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezithombe nezici zayo.