Ukugwema ukukhishwa okungcolisayo okweqile emkhathini, kusetshenziswa izithuthi zomphakathi. Esikhundleni sokujikeleza izimoto ezingama-50 emgwaqeni, imoto eyodwa ekhipha amagesi ingangena cishe abantu abangama-50 (uma kwenzeka ibhasi) nabantu abangaphezu kuka-500 ngesitimela. Ngakho-ke, khuthaza ezokuthutha zomphakathi kuyisikhali sobuso ekulweni nokushisa komhlaba.
Izithuthi zomphakathi zizothuthukiswa kanjani?
Ukungcola nokuthuthwa komphakathi
Ezokuthutha kuyimbangela yokukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa omhlaba okungu-25% (kukonke kusuka ku-CO2). Ngakho-ke, ukukhuthaza ezokuthutha zomphakathi ukunciphisa inani lezimoto ezisakazwayo kuzosisiza ukuthi sigweme ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke okuqhubekayo.
I-Association of Urban Collective Transport Operators (i-ATUC) iqinisekisa ukuthi ngokwandiswa kokukhula kwezithuthi zomphakathi kuzodlula kuya kwabasebenzisi abayizigidi ezingama-7,5 kusukela ku-4,5 million wamanje, okuzovumela ukuhamba okuqhubekayo nokusimama kwemvelo.
Ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 abasebenzisa imoto yabo esikhundleni sezithuthi zomphakathi, ukungcolisa okungcolisa umoya, izinkinga zezempilo kanye nokungcoliswa komoya kukhula ngokuqhubekayo.
Isitatimende sokwehluka kokwanda kwezokuthutha sisuselwa ocwaningweni olubizwa nge-'Deciphering the Non-Traveller 'olwenziwe ngo-2016 yi-ATUC kusivumelwano sohlaka no-Institute for Energy Diversification and Saving (IDAE). Lolu cwaningo luhlaziya futhi luhlose ukukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda yezithuthi zomphakathi ngemuva kweminyaka ethile yokulungiswa kwesabelomali.
Umthetho Wezimali Zokuhamba Komphakathi eSpain
Ukuze isifundo sibophezele futhi okuqukethwe kwaso kusetshenziswe, kubalulekile ukwakha umthetho ohlanganisa zonke izici. Kulokhu, i-ATUC ithi ukwakhiwa koMthetho Wezezimali Zezokuthutha Zomphakathi eSpain kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kungukuphela kwezwe e-European Union elingenalo lolu hlobo lwemithetho esezingeni lombuso ngalolu daba.
Ngomthetho obeka imihlahlandlela uHulumeni okumele akhokhele ngayo ezokuthutha zomphakathi, izimali zingabelwa ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yasemadolobheni eyenza ukwakhiwa kwemizila futhi inike amandla izindawo zezithuthi zomphakathi ukuthi zikhulise izimoto zazo futhi zenze ngcono ubuchwepheshe bayo.
Okunye okufanele kubhekwe ekuthuthukiseni ezokuthutha zomphakathi ukwanda kwamabhasi e-hybrid noma kagesi. Ukugqugquzela ezokuthutha okungu-zero-emission kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokunciphisa ukukhishwa okungcolisayo nokuqondisa ezokuthutha zaseSpain maqondana nokuguqulwa kwamandla ngokususelwa ekuvuseleleni kabusha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Umxhumanisi WaseSpain Wezitimela Zomphakathi, Ezomphakathi Nezisimeme, okuyingxenye ye-Ecologistas en Acción, uthumele incwadi ku-General Directorate of Mobility and Transport of the European Commission (DG MOVE) ngesimo se ujantshi waseSpain, nobudlelwano bayo nePortugal nayo yonke i-EU.
Kulesi sici kunokungalingani ekutshalweni kwemali, ngoba ku- "All AVE" I-70% itshalwe kulo lonke ujantshi wonke, kuphela i-30% eyabelwe yona. Ukunciphisa lesi simo, uMxhumanisi ufuna ukuthi i-European Union yakhe izindlela zokuvikela nokukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kojantshi.
Nciphisa ukungcola
NgoNovemba odlule we-2017, i-European Commission (EC) yethule isiphakamiso somthetho esibeka imikhawulo eqinile ekungcoleni ukungcola okuvela ezimotweni ukufeza izinhloso zeSivumelwano SaseParis.
Lolu hlelo kumele kuxoxiswane ngalo nePhalamende kanye noMkhandlu waseYurophu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zinhloso ezibekwe Esivumelwaneni saseParis se ukunciphisa ukuncipha kokungcola ngo-40% ngonyaka ka-2030.
Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwama- "akhawunti wokukhishwa komoya" we-National Statistics Institute (INE) ashicilelwe ngoNovemba odlule, ukukhishwa kwegesi (greenhouse gas (GHG)) eSpain kukhule ngo-3,5% ngo-2015 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka owedlule.
Imininingwane eqoqwe yi-INE iveza ukuthi ukukhishwa kwegesi ekhipha ukushisa kwasekhaya kuvela emotweni yabo, kufinyelela kuma-71% esewonke.