Njengoba sazi sonke, ukugaywa kabusha kuwuhlelo lokuguqula imfucuza kanye nezilahlwa zibe izinto ezintsha ukuze kungadingeki kusetshenziswe izinto ezintsha zokusetshenziswa lapho kwakhiwa futhi kukhiqizwa. Ukuze wenze le nqubo yokugaywa kabusha ngendlela efanele, imfucumfucu kufanele ithuthelwe endaweni yokugcina impahla ekhethekile ukuze iguqulwe, okumele ibe nochungechunge lwezimpawu, kungaba ngokwemishini eyanele kanye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe, noma ngokwemibandela yokujwayela izidingo zakho. . Ngoba lezi kabusha izitshalo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokuvuselela izitshalo, izici zazo nokubaluleka kwazo.
Inqubo yokuthutha imfucuza
Ukusuka elolini ukuya endaweni yokugcina impahla noma endaweni yokuthulula imfucuza, imfucuza kufanele idlule uchungechunge lwezigaba, okufanele zihambisane nezinqubo ezahlukene ezilethwe yibona, kanye nabasebenzi abafanelekile kanye nemishini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imvelaphi yabo.
Njengoba kunikezwe izici zezinhlobo ezahlukene zemfucuza, lizindawo zokugcina impahla kufanele zivumelane nohlobo ngalunye lwezinto ezilahlwayo, ngakho-ke singawahlukanisa ngokusebenzisa le miqondo efanayo.
Isitshalo kumele sibe nesakhiwo esibanzi ngokwanele ukuze sikwazi ukukhetha nokuhlukanisa imfucumfucu eqinile kamasipala (MSW) ngezigaba ezihlukene, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-organic noma i-inorganic, ukuze kwenziwe umquba wokugcina wezinga eliphezulu.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umshini osetshenziselwa lolu hlobo lwenqubo kufanele uguqulelwe ngokugcwele ukuze uwenze, kanye nabasebenzi abasebenzisa umshini noma abathatha indawo enqubweni yokuhlukanisa imfucuza. Abasebenzi akumele babe nekhwalithi ephezulu kuphela, kodwa futhi kufanele babe nezinto ezifanele zokusetshenzwa eziqinisekisa ukuvikelwa nokuphepha kwabo emsebenzini.
Mayelana nesakhiwo, indawo yokugcina impahla kufanele ibe banzi ukuze izinqubo ezahlukene zokugaywa kabusha zenziwe kuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele bahlale benomoya omuhle nokukhanya okuhle.
Izinyathelo eziya esitshalweni sokugaywa kabusha
Imithombo yemfucuza ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: ezifuywayo noma ezohwebo nezimboni. Yisixhumanisi sokuqala ochungechungeni lokugaywa kabusha futhi yilapho udoti ukhiqizwa khona. Izindawo zokukhiqiza zasekhaya yizindawo zokuhlala ezizimele; amabhizinisi, izitolo, amabha, izindawo zokudlela kanye nezitolo ezijwayelekile; kanye nezimboni, izinkampani namabhizinisi. Udoti okhiqizwa kulezi zindawo ungahlukaniswa futhi ugaywe kabusha ngemigqomo ehlukene yokugaywa kabusha.
Mayelana nenkampani, ngokusayina izivumelwano nezinye izinkampani eziphethe ukuphathwa kukadoti. Ukulandela lesi sinyathelo kubalulekile ukugwema ukugqashula iketango.
Isinyathelo sesibili ochungechungeni lokugaywa kabusha ukugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza. Iqukethe ukuqoqa nokuthutha udoti ezitsheni ezihambisanayo. Kunezitsha zensimbi, zepulasitiki noma zensimbi, ezingafika ku-40 cubic metres, ama-compactor, ama-shredders amaphepha kanye nemishini eminingi ehilelekile kule nqubo.
Isitshalo sokuhlunga nokudlulisa imfucuza
Lesi sixhumanisi asihlali sikhona kuketango. Lena imboni yokuqoqa udoti ukuze iqoqe okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi isebenzise izinto zokuhamba ngaphandle kokuhamba ngendlela enokumosha kancane. Isibonelo yisikhungo sokucubungula iphepha namakhadibhodi. Baqoqa lonke lolu hlobo lwento, bayicindezele emabhakedeni amakhulu, bese beyisa endaweni elandelayo ukusuka lapho. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa izindleko zokuhamba.
Iyingxenye eyinhloko yenqubo yokugaywa kabusha. Kukulesi sinyathelo lapho udoti uhlukaniswa futhi uhlukaniswa, ukuze konke kubumbene, kuhlanganiswe ngamaqembu futhi kuthuthwe ngokwehlukana. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wemboni yokucubungula nokugaywa kabusha uyakhuthazwa futhi wenziwa lula.
Ukwelashwa kwemfucuza
Isigaba sokugcina salo mjaho wamabanga amade ukulahlwa kukadoti. Kunezimboni ezahlukene ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene ukucubungula udoti. Kungaba iziteshi zokugaywa kabusha (iphepha namakhadibhodi, ipulasitiki, insimbi, ukhuni, ingilazi…), izinsalela ezilawulwayo (ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu) noma izimboni zokukhiqiza amandla (i-biomass, i-biogas, izishisi…).
Ngaphezu kwalezi zigaba ezinhlanu, izinto ezihlukene zingabhekana nezinqubo ezahlukene kuye ngezici zazo. Ngemuva kokucubungula, izinto ebeziyimfucuza ekuqaleni ziyavuswa. Ziba yizici ezintsha. Isakhamuzi esiqotho sihlukanisa futhi sigcine udoti ngendlela efanele. Ziningi izinzuzo ezihlanganisa ukwehlisa isibalo sezindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwesikhutha, ukonga amanzi namandla, nokudala amathuba omsebenzi esimeme.
Izici zesitshalo esigaywa kabusha
Ukwenza le nqubo ngokuphelele endaweni yokugaywa kabusha, imfucumfucu kufanele ithuthelwe endaweni yokugcina impahla ezinikele ukuze ilungiswe kamuva. Lezi kumele zibe nochungechunge lwezimpawu ezanele, okuhlanganisa nemishini eyanele kanye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe abafanele umkhumbi ngokwawo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda inqubo ukusuka elolini ukuya ku-hangar noma idokodo lokulayisha umshini. Ukusuka lapho, imfucuza kufanele idlule uchungechunge lwezigaba, okumele ihambisane nezinqubo ezahlukene okuzodlula kuzo imfucuza, kanye nezisebenzi nemishini ehlobene nayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi idabukaphi.
Ngenxa yezimpawu zezinhlobo ezahlukene zemfucuza, indawo yokugcina impahla kufanele ifake uhlobo ngalunye lwezinto ezilahlwayo. Ngale ndlela, zingahlukaniswa ngomqondo ofanayo. Isitshalo kumele sibe nesakhiwo esibanzi ngokwanele ukuvumela izigaba ezahlukene zokukhetha nokuhlukaniswa kwemfucuza eqinile yasemadolobheni (MSW). Imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo kumele ikwazi ukwenza umquba wokugcina wezinga eliphezulu.
Ngakho-ke, umshini osetshenziselwa lolu hlobo lwenqubo kufanele ube sesimweni esiphelele futhi kufanele uguqulelwe ngokugcwele ukuze wenze inqubo ngendlela efanele. Ngokunjalo, abasebenzi abaphethe le mishini noma labo abasezikhundleni ohlelweni lokuhlukanisa imfucuza nabo kumele bazilungiselele.
Akumele nje kuphela ukuthi abasebenzi babe neziqu eziphakeme, kodwa futhi kufanele babe nemishini efanele. Ngale ndlela, ungasebenzisa imisebenzi okufanele uyenze ukuze uqinisekise ukuvikeleka okwanele nokuphepha emsebenzini. Ngokwesakhiwo, indawo yokugcina impahla kufanele ibe banzi, okubalulekile ukuze izinqubo ezahlukene zokugaywa kabusha zenziwe kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele bahlale benomoya omuhle nokukhanya okuhle.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nesitshalo sokuvuselela kanye nezici zaso.