Izitshalo zokwelashwa

izitshalo zokwelashwa

Kuyo yonke imisebenzi yabantu, kwenziwa amanzi angcolile okumele alashwe. Ama-WWTP yiziteshi izitshalo zokwelashwa amanzi angcolile futhi banesibopho sokwelashwa kwala manzi. Ngamanzi aqhamuka emisebenzini yabantu evela emadolobheni, ezimbonini, kwezolimo, njll. Ukubeka ingozi engaba khona emvelweni ngoba ukuchitheka nokuvuza kungakhipha izinto ezinobuthi ezidala izinhlekelele zemvelo.

Ngakho-ke, sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngezitshalo zokulungisa amanzi.

Izinqubo zokwelashwa kwamanzi

ukwakheka kwe-WWTP

Ukuze amanzi abuyiselwe endaweni yemvelo, kufanele alandele uchungechunge lwezindlela zokwelapha inhloso yazo enkulu ukuqeda imfucuza. Izindlela zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezici zamanzi angcolile nendawo eya kuyo ekugcineni. Siyazi ukuthi amanzi angcolile aqoqwa ngamashubhu abaqoqi abenza ukuthi afinyelele ezindaweni zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Kulapha lapho benzelwa khona izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa ukuze bakwazi ukuzihlanza.

Cishe kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka, amanzi ajwayele ukuhlala ngokwesilinganiso samahora angama-24-48 ngaphambi kokubuyiselwa esiteshini. Lesi siteshi singaba umfula, ichibi noma ulwandle. Ezitshalweni zokwelashwa benziwa ukwelashwa okulandelayo:

  • Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili: Kuqukethe ukuqedwa kwezinto eziqinile ezinkulu ezikhona emanzini, njengesihlabathi namafutha. Lokhu kudalwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuyadingeka ukuze ukwazi ukubeka amanzi amanzi ezinqubweni zawo ezizayo.
  • Ukwelashwa okuyisisekelo
  • Ukwelashwa kwesibili: Isetshenziswa kuphela uma ufuna ukuqhubeka nokuhlanza amanzi ukuwathela ezindaweni zemvelo ezivikelwe. Ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu abanazo, akuvamile ukwenziwa ngokujwayelekile.

Sizochaza isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo eziyinhloko ezenzeka ezitshalweni zokwelapha.

Ukwelashwa ezitshalweni zendle

ukwelashwa kwamanzi

Ukwelashwa okuyisisekelo

Siqukethe ezinye izinqubo zomzimba zamakhemikhali ezisetshenziswayo ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwezinhlayiya ezimisiwe emanzini. Iningi lama-solid solid amisiwe atholakala angaba sedimentable noma entanta. Ezintengayo ngokuvamile zifinyelela ezansi ngemuva kwesikhathi esifushane, kuyilapho lezi eziyizinhlayiya zincane kakhulu kangangokuthi sezivele zihlanganisiwe emanzini futhi azikwazi ukuntanta entweni yami. Ukuze kuqedwe lezi zinhlayiya ezincane, kudingeka ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezifuna kakhulu.

Ezinye izindlela ezisetshenziswa ekwelashweni okuyinhloko zifaka okulandelayo:

  • Izilingo: kuyinqubo lapho izinhlayiya ze-sedimentary zingawela phansi zibonge isenzo samandla adonsela phansi. Kule nqubo, elula futhi eshibhile, kufika kuma-40% okuqinile okuqukethwe emanzini kungasuswa. Ngaphakathi kwendawo yokulungisa kukhona amathangi abizwa ngokuthi ama-decanters futhi kulapho kwenzeka khona ukuthambisa.
  • Izikhukhula: Kuqukethe ukususwa kwamagwebu, amafutha kanye namafutha kusukela, ngenxa yobuningi bawo obuphansi, bavame ukuhlala kungqimba lwamanzi. Kule nqubo kungenzeka futhi ukukhipha izinhlayiya ezinesisindo esiphansi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukujova amabhamuza womoya ukwenza lula ukukhuphuka nokususwa kwawo. Ngalesi flotation, kungasuswa kuze kufike ku-75% wezinhlayiya eziqinile ezimisiwe. Le nqubo yenzeka kwamanye amathangi abizwa ngokuthi yi-dissolve air floats.
  • Ukungathathi hlangothi: kuyinkqubo equkethe ukujwayelekile kwe-pH. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amanzi kufanele alungiswe abe yi-pH phakathi kuka-6-8.5. Endabeni yamanzi amdaka ane-asidi, izitshalo zokwelapha kufanele zilawule inani lezinsimbi ezisindayo ezifakwa ezintweni ezinama-alkaline ukuze kuphakanyiswe i-pH yamanzi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amanzi angcolile ane-alkaline kakhulu i-carbon dioxide yethulwa ukwehlisa i-pH ibe ngamanani ajwayelekile.
  • Ezinye izinqubo: uma ufuna ukufeza ukuhlanzwa okukhulu kwamanzi angcolile, kusetshenziswa amanye amasu njengokusebenzisa amathangi we-septic, amachibi, izihlungi eziluhlaza noma ezinye izinqubo zamakhemikhali njengokushintshaniswa kwe-ion, ukunciphisa, uketshezi, njll.

Ukwelashwa kwesibili ezitshalweni zokwelapha

Izitshalo zokwelashwa kanye nokwelashwa

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ngaphandle kokuthi kudingeka ukuhlanzwa okuphezulu, lokhu kwelashwa kwesibili akwenziwa ezitshalweni zendle. Siqukethe isethi yezinqubo zebhayoloji ezihlose ukuqeda cishe ngokuphelele into ephilayo ekhona. Kuyizinqubo zebhayoloji lapho amanye amabhaktheriya namagciwane asetshenziselwa ukuguqula izinto eziphilayo zibe yi-biomass yeselula, amandla, amagesi namanzi. Inzuzo yalokhu kwelashwa ngaphezu kwabanye ukuthi iyasebenza ngama-90%.

Ekwelashweni kwesibili kwezitshalo zokuphathwa kwendle kwehlukanisa ezinye izinqubo ezihlukile ku-aerobic ne-anaerobic. Owokuqala akhona lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo kuthi owokugcina ungekho. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

  • Izinqubo ze-Aerobic: kuyadingeka ukwethula umoya-mpilo emathangini lapho ama-stamens angena khona emanzini angcolile. Ngalesi sigaba ukwehla kwezinto eziphilayo kwenzeka futhi kukhishwa amanzi ne-carbon dioxide. Imikhiqizo ene-nitrogen efana ne-ammonia, okuyisithako esivela kakhulu se-nitrogen, iyasuswa kulesi sigaba. Yize i-nitrate ingasasebenzi njengobuthi, iyindlela engafaniswa nezitshalo, ngakho-ke ingadala ukwanda kwe-algae kanye nokuvuselelwa kabusha kwezakhi. Le nqubo yokunothisa izakhi yaziwa njenge-eutrophication.
  • Izinqubo ze-AnaerobicLokhu kwenziwa ngokungabikho komoya-mpilo nokwenzeka kokuvutshelwa kwenzeka lapho izinto eziphilayo ziguqulwa zibe amandla, isikhutha kanye negesi yemethane.

Sizokhuluma ngezinye zezindlela zokwelapha ezenzeka ezitshalweni zokwelapha:

  • I-sludge esebenzayo: Yilokho ukwelashwa okwenziwa lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo futhi kuqukethe ukwengeza ama-flocs wezinto eziphilayo ngezinto ezincane ukuze zikwazi ukuhlunga i-oxygen okwenzeka kuyo.
  • Imibhede yegciwane: Kuyinkqubo ye-aerobic futhi ifaka ukubeka izisekelo lapho kutholakala khona ama-microorganism namanzi asalayo. Ambalwa amanani afakiwe ukugcina izimo ze-aerobic.
  • Izihlungi eziluhlaza: Yizilimo eziniselwa ngamanzi angcolile futhi ezinamandla okumunca izinhlanganisela.
  • Ukugaya i-Anaerobic: zenziwa ngamathangi avaliwe ngokuphelele ngokungabikho komoya-mpilo. Lapha kusetshenziswa amabhaktheriya akhiqiza i-acid ne-methane lapho elulaza izinto eziphilayo.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezitshalo zokwelashwa nezici zazo.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.