Iplanethi yethu ithola iLanga inani lamandla alingana nama-terawatts angama-89.000 (TW, one trillion watts), okuyisibalo okuphindwe kayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha kunamandla asetshenzisiwe emhlabeni wonke, alinganiselwa ku-16 TW.
Eqinisweni, ngisho namandla omoya ngokwawo angaletha ugesi ophindwe cishe ngama-25 (370 TW) kunokudinga umhlaba. Kubaliwe ukuthi ngamapaki amakhulu elanga amakhulu abekwe ngobuchule (atholakala ngendlela yokuthi okungenani elilodwa lawo lithola ilanga ngqo ngaso sonke isikhathi) ugesi owanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomhlaba jikelele.
Eminyakeni yakamuva, imboni yamandla avuselelekayo ikhule kakhulu, yize ikude kuleyo ndlela futhi yathuthukiswa ngendlela engokoqobo, esatshalalisiwe. Indawo yomhlaba ehlala ukufakwa kwelanga nomoya iyaqhubeka nokukhula futhi lokhu kudinga ukuphakamisa amafomula amasha, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni nasemazweni anendawo engatholakali kangako. Ngokuvamile, imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo ihlala ngokulingana isikhala esiningi kunemithombo evamile yamandla; ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa namandla enuzi noma okushisa.
Izitshalo zelanga ezintantayo
Izitshalo zelanga ezintantayo zingenye yamafomula amasha aqale ukwenziwa eminyakeni yamuva. Indlela yayo ifana naleyo ye- amapulazi omoya aphesheya kwezilwandle (phesheya kwezilwandle), nazo eziya ngokuya zijwayeleka.
Ukufaka ama-wind turbines offshore kunezinzuzo eziningana. Okusobala kakhulu ukuthi ubukhona bakhe akuthinti ukubukeka komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, olwandle, ophephela emoyeni bangaba bancane futhi bade futhi ngasikhathi sinye basebenze kahle noma basebenze kangcono kunabalingani babo abasemhlabeni ngenxa yokuthi ngokujwayelekile ulwandle oluncane lungaphansi kwalolo lwendawo eyisicaba.
Ubukhali busho izithiyo (njengotshani, ukwakhiwa kwabantu, noma ukungajwayelekile kwemvelo emvelweni) lokho kuthinta ukunyakaza komoya, okuyisizathu esenza ukuthi imishini yomoya emhlabeni ivame ukuba nokuphakama okukhulu. Ubulukhuni bolwandle buyanda lapho kunamagagasi, kepha ngaphandle kwalapho olwandle oluvulekile umoya awuhlangabezani nezithiyo ezisendleleni yawo.
Lezi zinzuzo ziyasebenza nasezintanteni zezitshalo zelanga, zisebenzisa izindawo lapho azisetshenziswa: njengolwandle oluvulekile, amachibi angenalo inani lemvelo noma amanzi angcolile ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi ngezitshalo zikagesi.
Izinzuzo zamapaki elanga antantayo
Isitshalo selanga esintantayo sinezinzuzo eziningana: ukuma kwawo emanzini ngakolunye uhlangothi kunciphisa ukuhwamuka, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi indawo epholile ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwamapaneli futhi yenze ukugcinwa kwawo kube lula.
E-China, elinye lamazwe angcoliswe kakhulu emhlabeni, iziphathimandla zithatha izinyathelo ukuqeda uphethiloli kanye nokufaka esikhundleni sawo amandla avuselelekayo, njengesisombululo sokucabanga "sezitshalo ezintantayo zelanga". Uhulumeni wathembisa ukubanyusa ngo-20% eminyakeni ezayo.
I-China idinga ukuguqula ngokuphuthumayo inqubomgomo yayo yamandla uma ifisa ukuxazulula ngokuqinile i izinkinga zemvelo ezidlulayo. Umbiko olungiselelwe uMnyango Wezokuvikelwa Kwezemvelo waseChina, ngokubambisana ne-UN, ulinganisela ukuthi u-90% wemigwaqo yamanzi ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni ezweni. zingcolile nokuthi ukungcoliswa komoya kunomthelela ekufeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwabantu abayizigidi eziyi-1,2 ngonyaka.
Ngokusho kwemininingwane evela eGreenpeace East Asia ezweni cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-200 bangaphansi kwamazinga ayingozi kakhulu okungcoliswa.
Ngalesi sizathu, iChina, okuyiyona ekhipha phambili ukuphuma kwamagesi abamba ukushisa emhlabeni, yamukela i- intela entsha yokungcola, noma kunjalo, akubandakanyi ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide (CO2).
Izinselelo zamapaki elanga antantayo
Amagagasi amakhulu angusongo olusobala kakhulu ezitshalweni ezintanta elwandle ezintanta olwandle. Kepha futhi ne-saltpeter kanye ukugqwala kwasolwandle usawoti zimelela ukuphazamiseka okuphawulekayo.
Inkinga yamagagasi yehlisiwe ngezindawo ezintantayo ezisezindaweni zemvelo noma zokuzenzela namatheku. Izinhlobo ezintantayo zephaneli yelanga ezakhiwayo kanye nalezo eseziqalile ukusetshenziswa zingasekela ukushintshashintsha kokuphakama kobuso bolwandle okungafika kumamitha ayi-10, amagagasi afinyelela kumamitha amabili nemimoya efinyelela ku-2 km / h.
Kepha i-saltpeter ekhona emoyeni eduze nolwandle ingadala umonakalo ezakhiweni zensimbi enamathela kuzo nakuma-solar panel, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwayo kanye nokusebenziseka kwayo.
Ngokusho abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene, Noma iyiphi ingqalasizinda efakwe ngalolu hlobo kufanele imelane nokugqwala okubangelwa usawoti kanye ne-nitrate, kufaka phakathi amaphaneli elanga nogesi bomoya. Kodwa-ke, “ngokusobala abenzi bamaphaneli elanga abavamile abaqiniseki ukuthi basenganikeza yini iziqinisekiso ezinjalo uma amapaneli efakwe olwandle ”.
Kuyangithinta ukuthi kungashiwo endatshaneni yenu ngomphumela wamapaneli elanga ezimpilweni zasolwandle. Uma wazi noma iyiphi i-athikili ngakho, kungakuhle ukuyifunda. Ngiyabonga.