Izilimo ze-Hydroponic, ziyini nokuthi zenziwa kanjani ekhaya

Izitshalo ze-Hydroponic yizitshalo ukuthi zibonakala ngokungabikho kwenhlabathi futhi zivela njengenye indlela yokulima kwendabuko.

Inhloso enkulu yezitshalo ze-hydroponic ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa izinto ezinomkhawulo wokukhula kwezitshalo ezihlotshaniswa nezakhiwo zenhlabathi, ukufaka esikhundleni sayo ngezinye izisekelo zokutshala nokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokufaka umquba

Igama lalezi zilimo linikezwa ngegama le-hydroponics, okuyi-inert support efana ne-peat, isihlabathi, i-gravel lapho izimpande zesitshalo zimisiwe kusixazululo somsoco uqobo.

Lokhu kudala ukuthi isisombululo sihlale siphindelela, sivimbela inqubo ye-anaerobiosis engadala ukufa kwesiko ngokushesha.

Futhi izitshalo zingatholakala ngaphakathi kwegumbi le-PVC noma yikuphi okunye okwenziwe ngodonga olugobekile (lapho kungeniswa khona izitshalo), kulokhu izimpande zisemoyeni futhi zizokhula ebumnyameni bese isixazululo esinomsoco sisatshalaliswa ngokufafaza okuphakathi noma okuphansi.

Ngenxa yocwaningo lwemithelela yezemvelo ebiyenziwa eminyakeni yamuva emhlabathini nasemanzini angaphezulu nakuma-runoff noma emsebenzini wezolimo uqobo emkhathini, singaqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo noma izitshalo ze-hydroponic ngaphandle kwenhlabathi banezici ezihluke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo zendabuko like:

• Amandla okusingatha imfucuza nemikhiqizo evela kuzosetshenziswa njengezisekelo zokutshala.
• Ukulawulwa okunamandla kokuphakelwa kwamanzi nezakhi zomzimba, ikakhulukazi lapho usebenza nezinhlelo ezivaliwe.
• Akudingi izikhala ezinkulu, yingakho izuzisa ikakhulukazi ngombono wezomnotho.
• Inika izimpande izinga lomswakama elingaguquguquki ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngaphandle kwesimo sezulu noma isigaba sokukhula kwesivuno.
• Yehlisa ubungozi bokunisela ngokweqile.
• Gwema imfucuza engenamsebenzi yamanzi nomanyolo.
• Iqinisekisa ukunisela kuyo yonke indawo yezimpande.
• Zinciphisa kakhulu izinkinga zezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane enhlabathi.
• Khuphula isivuno futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza.

Noma kunjalo, izitshalo zalolu hlobo khiqiza uchungechunge lokungcola, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingenelwa yizimboni, ezivela ku:

• Ukuvuza okunomsoco ezinhlelweni ezivulekile.
• Ukulahlwa kwemfucuza.
• Ukuphuma kwemikhiqizo ye-phytosanitary kanye namagesi.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okungeziwe njengomphumela wokushisa okufanele nokugcinwa kwezinhlelo.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo ze-hydroponic

I-Nutrient film Technique (NFT)

Kuyindlela yokukhiqiza ezitshalweni ezingenamhlabathi lapho isisombululo sezakhi siphinda sibuyele khona.

I-NFT isuselwa ku- ukujikeleza okuqhubekayo noma okuphakathi kwekhasi elincanyana lesisombululo sezakhi ngokusebenzisa izimpande zesitshalo, ngaphandle kokucwiliswa kunoma iyiphi i-substrate, ngakho-ke zisekelwa yisiteshi sokutshala, ngaphakathi lapho isixazululo sigelezela emazingeni aphansi ngamandla adonsela phansi.

Uhlelo luvumela ukonga okukhulu kwamanzi namandla kanye nokulawulwa okunembe kakhudlwana kokudla kwezitshalo futhi luyakwazi ukuvimbela umhlabathi futhi luqinisekise ukufana okuthile phakathi kwezakhamzimba zezitshalo.

Kodwa-ke, kufanele kwenziwe isifundo sokuqedwa kokudla okunempilo, kanye neminye imingcele ye-physicochemical efana ne-pH, izinga lokushisa, umswakama ...

Isikhukhula kanye ne-drainage system

Lolu hlelo luqukethe amathreyi lapho izitshalo ezitshaliwe zitholakala ku-substrate ye-inert (amaparele, amatshe amancane, njll) noma i-organic. La mathreyi zigcwala izixazululo zamanzi nezakhi zomzimba, ezimuncwa yi-substrate.

Lapho umsoco usugciniwe, amathileyi ayakhanywa futhi agcwala izixazululo ezithile.

Ukuvuza uhlelo nge isixazululo isixazululo iqoqo

Kuyafana nokunisela ngenkasa yedriphu kepha ngomehluko lokho okweqile kuyaqoqwa futhi kuphindiselwe emuva kusiko ngokwezidingo ezifanayo.

Ukuqoqwa kwemali eyeqile ngokweqile kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi isivuno sisemthambekeni.

I-DWP (Amasiko Amanzi Ajulile)

Lolu uhlobo lokutshala olufana kakhulu nolwalusetshenziswa ezikhathini zasendulo.

Siqukethe amachibi okuyiwona izitshalo zibekwa epuletini, kushiya izimpande zixhumana namanzi nezixazululo ezingeziwe. Njengamanzi amile, kuyadingeka ukuwuphefumula nge-oxygen usebenzisa amaphampu afana nalawo akwi-aquarium.

Izinzuzo zemvelo zohlelo olukhulayo lwe-hydroponic

Sesibonile izinzuzo ezithile zezitshalo ze-hydroponic kepha futhi kufanele futhi sibone izinzuzo zemvelo abangazinikeza, njenge:

• Ukukhululwa kobukhona bokhula noma izinambuzane ezitshalweni uqobo.
• Lolu hlobo lokutshala lusetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabathini ovele usugugile noma uyindlala ngoba uthanda umhlaba wonke.
• Njengoba nje kungencikile ezimweni zezulu, ngakho-ke kuqinisekisa ukuhlukahluka kwesitshalo phakathi nonyaka.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-substrates

Njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, kunezinto ezahlukahlukene zokwenza isivuno se-hydroponic.

Ukukhetha okwenziwe ngento eyodwa noma okunye kunqunywa yizici eziningana njengokutholakala kwayo, izindleko, inhloso yokukhiqizwa kwesitshalo esishiwoyo, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ngokomzimba, phakathi kokunye.

Lezi zingxenye ezingezansi zingahlukaniswa zibe substrates eziphilayo (uma kungokwemvelo, kokuhlanganiswa, kwemikhiqizo ethile noma kukadoti wezolimo, owezimboni nowasemadolobheni) futhi kuma-substrates angajwayelekile noma amaminerali (yemvelaphi, eguquliwe noma elungisiwe, kanye nodoti wezimboni noma umkhiqizo).

Izingxenye ezingaphansi zomzimba

Phakathi kwazo singathola izixuku nezikhonkwane zokhuni.

Izixuku

Zakhiwa izinsalela zobulembu phakathi kwezinye izitshalo, okuyi zisenqubweni yokwehlisa isikhutha kancane kancane ngakho-ke ngaphandle kokuxhumana ne-oxygen ngenxa yokweqisa kwamanzi. Ngenxa yalokho, bayakwazi ukugcina isakhiwo sabo se-anatomical isikhathi eside.

Kungaba nezinhlobo ezimbili ze-peat, kuya ngemvelaphi yokwakheka kwayo ngoba izinsalela zezitshalo zingafakwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinefayela le- izixuku ze-herbaceous noma ze-eutrophic ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinakho Sphagnum noma izixuku ze-oligotrophic. Lezi zokugcina zisetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla, ngenxa yezakhi zazo eziphilayo, kwimidiya yesiko ekhula ezimbizeni. Lokhu kungenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu ze-physico-chemical.

Kodwa-ke, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi cishe iminyaka engama-30 izixuku beziyizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njengama-substrates, kancane kancane zithathelwe indawo yizinto ezingaphili, esizobona ngezansi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqolobane zalolu hlobo lwe-substrate zikhawulelwe futhi azivuseleleki, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwazo ngokweqile kungadala umthelela obaluleke kakhulu kwezemvelo.

Amagxolo ezinkuni

Leli gama lifaka phakathi kokubili amagxolo angaphakathi kanye namagxolo angaphandle ezihlahla.

Amagxolo asetshenziswa kakhulu ngamagxolo ompayini yize amagxolo ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezihlahla nawo angasetshenziswa.

Lezi zikhonkwane Zingatholakala zintsha noma sezivele zenziwe umquba.

Okudala kungadala ukushoda kwe-nitrogen kanye nezinkinga ze-phytotoxicity, kuyilapho amagxolo afakwe umquba anciphisa lezi zinkinga kakhulu.

Izici zayo ezibonakalayo zincike kubukhulu bezinhlayiya, kepha i-porosity imvamisa yeqa ama-80-85%.

Izingxenye ezingaphansi komhlaba

Kulolu hlobo lwama-substrates singathola i-rock wool, i-polyurethane foam, i-sand perlite phakathi kokunye, engingeke ngiyichaze ngokuningiliziwe, kepha izonikeza imivimbo emincane ukuze ube nombono omncane. Uma ufuna eminye imininingwane, unganqikazi ukuphawula.

Uboya bedwala

Kuyinto yamaminerali aguqulwe ezimbonini. Ngokuyinhloko i-aluminium silicate lapho kukhona i-calcium ne-magnesium, kanye nemikhondo yensimbi ne-manganese.

Ventajas:

• Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuphezulu.
• I-aeration enkulu

Okubi:

• Imfuneko yokulawulwa okuphelele kokudla okunomsoco we-hydric namaminerali.
• Ukuqedwa kwemfucuza.
• Kungaba yi-carcinogenic yize kungafakazelwa ngokwesayensi.

Igwebu le-polyurethane

Kuyinto ephathekayo epulasitiki eyakhiwe ukuhlanganiswa kwama-bubbles, okwaziwa nangamagama ahlanganisiwe enjoloba ye-foam eSpain.

Ventajas:

• Izakhiwo zayo ze-hydrophobic.
• Intengo yayo.

Okubi:

• Ukulahlwa kwemfucuza, njengoboya bamatshe.

UPerlita

I-aluminium silicate enemvelaphi yentaba-mlilo.

Ventajas:

• Izakhiwo ezinhle zomzimba.
• Kusiza ukuphathwa kokuniselwa futhi kunciphise ubungozi bokuminyaniswa noma ukusilela kwamanzi.

Okubi:

• Ithuba lokucekeleka phansi phakathi nomjikelezo wokutshala, ukulahlekelwa ukuzinza kwayo kwe-granulometric, okungavumela ukungena kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwesiqukathi.

Arena

Impahla yesimo esiliceous nokwakheka okuguquguqukayo, okuncike ezingxenyeni zedwala lokuqala le-silicate.

Ventajas:

• Izindleko eziphansi emazweni atholakala kuwo ngobuningi.

Okubi:

• Izinkinga ezisuselwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezihlabathi ezithile ezisezingeni eliphansi

Ukulungiswa kwezixazululo zokudla okunempilo

Ukulungiswa kwezixazululo zokudla okunempilo kusekelwe ku ibhalansi yangaphambilini phakathi kwezakhamzimba kusuka emanzini okuchelela kanye namanani afanelekile waleso sitshalo.

Lezi zixazululo ezinomsoco ingalungiswa kusuka kuma-stock solutions, ngokugxila okuphindwe izikhathi ezingama-200 kunesixazululo sokugcina noma cishe izikhathi ezingaba inkulungwane eziphakeme uma kwenzeka ama-macroelements nama-microelements ngokulandelana.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pH yalezi zixazululo iyalungiswa phakathi kuka-5.5 no-6.0 ngokufaka i-NaOH noma i-HCl.

Ungayenza Kanjani Uhlelo Lokukhulisa i-Hydroponic Homemade

Nakhu ukuthi ungakha kanjani uhlelo olulula lwe-hydroponic lwama-lettuce angama-20 ngeNFT (inqubo yefilimu yezakhi) esiyibonile ngaphambili.

Siyabona ukuthi ngamathuluzi athile okuzenzela nezinto zokwakha ezivamile singazakhela isiko lethu le-hydroponic.

Qaphela; le vidiyo ayinawo umculo ngakho ngeluleka ithrekhi ethile yomculo wangemuva ukuze kungabonakali kusinda kakhulu ukuyibona.

Le vidiyo yenziwe yiFakhalthi Yezesayensi ye-UNAM eHydroponics Workshop.