Izitshalo ezimnandi Zidume kakhulu ngesici sazo esiyinhloko: zidla inyama. Ziyizitshalo cishe wonke umuntu afuna ukuzibona ngesinye isikhathi empilweni yakhe, ngoba akuyona into ejwayelekile ukuthi isitshalo sidle okuthile ngaphandle kwamanzi.
Kepha-ke, kwesinye isikhathi, ukuvela nokuthuthuka kwezinto eziphilayo kudaliwe edinga ukudla inyama. Izitshalo ezidla inyama zikuthola kanjani ukuthanda inyama?
Ijeke emfushane
Ijagi yemifino isitshalo esidla inyama. Ikhula eSouth Australia. Lesi sitshalo sinendlela eyinqayizivele yokondla. Ngenxa yephunga elimnandi lompe wayo, iheha izinambuzane. Lapho lesi sinambuzane sihlala kuso, sisebenzisa isimo esithile samaqabunga aso ukuze sibabambe. Izinambuzane zizama ukweqa kaninginingi, kepha amathuba azo ancipha ngoba, ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-enzyme wokugaya ukudla esitshalweni visabola isilwane futhi siyenze buthaka. La ma-enzyme okugaya aguqula isilwane sibe izakhi zomzimba ezibalulekile isitshalo esidinga ukuzondla ngaso.
Le ndlela yokudla inelukuluku lokwazi futhi yehlukile kwezinye izitshalo. Kepha bakukhulisa ngasiphi isikhathi ukuthanda kwabo inyama? Kunezifundo ezibonga ukulandelana kofuzo lwazo olusivumela ukuthi sithole ukuthi lokhu nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezidla kanjani bahlakulela ukuthanda inyama.
Ijagi emfushane inegama layo lesayensi elaziwa njenge I-Cephalotus follicularis futhi kubonakala sengathi Charles Darwin akazange akuthole ohambweni lwakhe. UDarwin waya endaweni efanayo yase-Australia lapho lesi sitshalo sikhula khona kodwa akazange asibone, ngoba, emsebenzini wakhe wezitshalo ezidla izinambuzane, akazange asho lolu hlobo. Lokho akusho ukuthi uDarwin akazange ahlangane nezitshalo ezidla inyama. Eqinisweni, ichaza ezinye izitshalo eziningi ezinalesi sici esikhethekile.
Amakhemikhali adingekayo kulezi zitshalo
Ngaleso sikhathi, uDarwin wayesele ethi lokhu kudla okuxakile nokungajwayelekile kwale mifino isu lokusinda ezindaweni ezinobutha kakhulu. Wabuye weza ukuzobeka iqiniso lokuthi lezi zitshalo zithola izakhamzimba eziningi futhi kaningi kusuka enyameni yezilwane kunokuthola enhlabathini ngezimpande zazo.
Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi lezi zitshalo, yize zondla inyama, zingakwenza futhi ngendlela yesiko. Izitshalo eziyizinambuzane kumazwekazi amathathu zihambe ngendlela efanayo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Izakhamzimba ezibalulekile abazidingayo ukuze baphile futhi batholani ikakhulukazi ziyi-nitrogen ne-phosphorus. Le mpendulo izitshalo ezejwayelekile ezivela enhlabathini empofu kakhulu ezinayo. Okusho ukuthi, lezo zitshalo ezigxila ekumunceni i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ikakhulu, zivame ukuhlala enanini elincane le-nitrogen kanye nenhlabathi embi.
Lesi sitshalo sinokunye kokuthi ngenkathi ingxenye yamaqabunga aso eyisicaba futhi enenhloso yendabuko ye-photosynthesis, ezinye zilolongwa zakhiwe ujeke odonsayo, izicupho, ukugaya kanye nokumunca izinambuzane. Lokhu kubili kwenza ukuthi kube lula ukuqhathanisa ukubonakaliswa kofuzo kwamanye amaqabunga nakwamanye.
Bakuthola kanjani ukunambitheka kwenyama
Kwenziwe uphenyo oluningi ukuze kuchazwe leli qiniso. Kutholakale ocwaningweni olushicilelwe ku- Imvelo Yezemvelo Nokuziphendukela Kwemvelo Isizathu salokhu. Kubukeka sengathi iqembu lamaprotheni elangenelela ekuqaleni ohlelweni lokuzivikela lojeke omfushane olwa namagciwane noma ukubhekana nengcindezi yezitshalo, manje selizinikele ekukhiqizeni ama-enzyme wokugaya ukudla.
Enye yama-enzyme ayisisekelo asebenza kulolu hlobo lomsebenzi wokugaya ukudla ngu chitinase. Le enzyme ibhekele ukwephula i-chitin ye-exoskeleton yezinambuzane. Enye i-enzyme ekusiza ukuthi usebenzise i-phosphorus ephanga izisulu zakho phosphatase. Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, lena indlela yokuphendula yalezo zitshalo ezikwaziyo ukuphila emhlabathini ongenamsoco. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zitshalo zenze indlela yokuthola i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ezinambuzaneni, ngoba emhlabathini ompofu bezingakwazi ukuphila kahle.