Amandla omoya abe ngumthombo oyinhloko wokukhiqizwa kwamandla ukushintsha imodeli yamandla, ihlanzeke futhi iqhubeke. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe busiza amanye amapulazi omoya ukuthi akhiqize ugesi ngentengo ephansi njengezikhungo zamalahle noma zenuzi. Akungabazeki ukuthi amandla esibhekene nawo anezinzuzo nezinkinga zawo, kepha lowo wangaphambili uwina ngokunqoba okukhulu. Futhi kuningi izinzuzo zamandla omoya.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo ezinkulu zamandla omoya kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amandla eplanethi.
Yini
Into yokuqala yakho konke ukwazi ukuthi lolu hlobo lwamandla luyini. Amandla omoya amandla atholakala emoyeni. Luhlobo lwamandla e-kinetic akhiqizwa isenzo sokugeleza komoya. Singawaguqula la mandla abe amandla kagesi ngokusebenzisa i-generator. Ungamandla ahlanzekile, avuselelekayo futhi angenakho ukungcola angasiza ukufaka esikhundleni samandla akhiqizwa ngophethiloli.
Umkhiqizi omkhulu wamandla omoya emhlabeni yi-United States, elandelwa yiGerman, China, India neSpain. ELatin America, umkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke yiBrazil. ESpain, amandla omoya ahlinzeka ugesi emakhaya alinganayo ayizigidi eziyi-12, amele u-18% wesidingo sezwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iningi lamandla aluhlaza ahlinzekwa yizinkampani zikagesi zakuleli livela emapulazini omoya.
Ukusebenza
Amandla omoya atholakala ngokuguqula ukuhamba kwama-turbine omoya abe ngamandla kagesi. I-turbine yomoya i-generator eqhutshwa yi-turbine yomoya, futhi eyandulelayo yayiyi-windmill. I-turbine yomoya iqukethe umbhoshongo; uhlelo lokuma lubekwe ekugcineni kombhoshongo, ekugcineni kwawo okuphezulu. Ikhabhinethi isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma kwinethiwekhi kagesi ezansi kombhoshongo; ubhasikidi olenga luhlaka oluzogcina izingxenye zalo zokugaya futhi lusebenze njengesisekelo sezinhlamvu; shaft ne-Rotor ziqhutshwa phambi kwezinhlamvu; kukhona amabhuleki, ama-multiplier, ama-generator nezinhlelo zokulungisa ugesi ku-nacelle.
Ama-blade axhunywe ku-Rotor, nayo exhunywe kushaft (etholakala kupali kazibuthe), ethumela amandla wokujikeleza ku-generator. I-generator isebenzisa ozibuthe ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqize amandla kagesi.
Ipulazi lomoya lidlulisa ugesi owenziwe yisikhungo salo esingaphansi kwesitishi esabelwayo ngezintambo, futhi amandla akhiqizwayo anikezwa esiteshini sokusabalalisa bese edluliselwa kumsebenzisi wokugcina.
Izinzuzo zamandla omoya
Kunezinzuzo eziningi kakhulu zamandla omoya okufanele sizhlukanise ukuze singene emininingwaneni eminingi.
Kungamandla angapheli futhi kuthatha isikhala esincane
Kungumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo. Umoya ungumthombo ocebile futhi ongapheli, okusho ukuthi ungahlala uthembele kumthombo wamandla wokuqala, okusho ukuthi Alukho usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Futhi, ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukukhiqiza nokugcina inani elifanayo likagesi, amapulazi omoya adinga umhlaba omncane kune-photovoltaics. Kuyabuyiselwa futhi, okusho ukuthi indawo ehlala epaki ingabuyiselwa kalula ukuvuselela indawo eyayivele ikhona.
Ayingcolisi futhi inendleko ephansi
Amandla omoya angenye yemithombo yamandla ehlanzekile ngemuva kwamandla elanga. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi akuyona inqubo yomlilo ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza kwayo. Ngakho-ke, ayivezi amagesi anobuthi noma udoti oqinile. Amandla we-turbine yomoya afana namandla we-1.000 kilograms kawoyela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-turbine uqobo inomjikelezo wokuphila omude kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba isuswe ukuze ilahlwe. Izindleko zokunakekelwa kwomoya ophendulwa ngumoya nogesi zisetshenziswa kancane. Ezindaweni ezinomoya omkhulu, izindleko zekhilowatt ngayinye yokukhiqiza ziphansi kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, izindleko zokukhiqiza ziyefana namandla amalahle noma enuzi.
Izinzuzo eziningi nokubi kwamandla omoya
Lolu hlobo lwamandla luhambisana neminye imisebenzi yezomnotho. Lezi iphuzu elihle esivuna. Isibonelo, imisebenzi yezolimo neyemfuyo ihlangana ngokuvumelana nemisebenzi yamapulazi omoya. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngeke kube nomthelela omubi emnothweni wendawo, futhi ivumela indawo ukuthi yakhe imithombo emisha yengcebo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi yayo yendabuko.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba ungalindela, akuzona zonke izinzuzo zamandla omoya, kepha kukhona nokubi okuthile. Ake sihlaziye ngayinye yazo:
Umoya awuhlali njalo namandla awagcinwa
Amandla omoya awalindelekile, ngakho-ke izibikezelo zomkhiqizo azihlangatshezwa njalo, ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezincane zesikhashana. Ukunciphisa ubungozi, ukutshalwa kwezimali ezikhungweni ezinjalo kuhlala isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke ukubalwa kokubuya kwayo kuphephe kakhulu. Lokhu kushoda kungaqondakala kangcono ngocezu olulodwa lolwazi: ama-wind turbines zingasebenza ngokujwayelekile ngaphansi kokudonsa okungu-10 kuye ku-40 km / h. Ngezivinini eziphansi, amandla awenzi nzuzo, ngenkathi ngejubane eliphakeme, limele ubungozi bomzimba esakhiweni.
Ngamandla angenakugcinwa, kepha kufanele asetshenziswe ngokushesha lapho ekhiqizwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ayikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngenye indlela ephelele yokusebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zamandla.
Umthelela womhlaba kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo
Amapulazi amakhulu omoya anomthelela onamandla wezwe futhi angabonakala kude. Ukuphakama okumaphakathi kombhoshongo / ophendulwa kusuka kumamitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-80, futhi izindwani ezijikelezayo zikhuliswa ngamamitha angama-40 angeziwe. Umthelela wobuhle ebuhleni bezwe kwesinye isikhathi ubangela ukungakhululeki kubahlali bendawo.
Amapulazi omoya angaba nomthelela omubi empilweni yezinyoni, ikakhulukazi ama-raptors asebenzayo ebusuku. Umphumela ezinyonini kungenxa yokuthi izindwani ezijikelezayo zingahamba ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-70 km / h. Izinyoni azikwazi ukubona ngokungagwedli izigwedlo ngaleli jubane futhi zishayisane nazo zibulale.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezinzuzo zamandla omoya nezinye zezinkinga zawo.