I-biomass iyunithi yento ephilayo esetshenziswa njengamandla. Lokhu kwaziswa kungavela ezilwaneni noma ezitshalweni, kuhlanganise nemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo. Amandla e-biomass ashibhile kunamandla avamile akhiqizwa kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iwumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo ophephile futhi ohlanzekile kunamafutha avamile ngoba ikhipha amagesi ambalwa ayingozi endaweni ezungezile ngenxa yendlela yawo yokuvutha. Nokho, kukhona okuhlukile izinzuzo kanye nebubi of biomass energy njengamandla avuselelekayo.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo eziyinhloko kanye nokubi zamandla e-biomass.
Amandla we-biomass
I-Biomass iwumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo osebenzisa izinto eziphilayo zezilwane noma zemifino njengamandla, futhi iyinqubo yemvelo noma yezimboni, eyakhiwe ngenqubo elawulwayo yebhayoloji noma yemishini. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-biomass singathola ezintathu:
- I-biomass yemvelo: Kwenzeka ezindaweni zemvelo ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu.
- I-biomass eyinsalela: isho udoti wemvelo okhiqizwa imisebenzi yabantu, efana nemfucuza yasemadolobheni, amahlathi, imfucumfucu yezolimo enezinkuni kanye ne-herbaceous noma imfucuza yezimboni nezolimo.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Biomass: Ipulazi elilinyelwa uhlobo oluthile ngenhloso yokukhiqiza amandla.
Izinzuzo ze-biomass energy
- Iwumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo ngenxa yokuthi amandla ayo avela elangeni nasemjikelezweni wokuphila, ngakho awapheli njengoba umsebenzi wezitshalo nezilwane uqhubeka ukhiqiza i-biomass.
- Ayingcolisi kakhulu kunokushisa izinto ezimbiwa phansi, ngakho ukusetshenziswa kwayo kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide futhi kunomthelela omncane ongqimbeni lwe-ozone.
- I-biomass ikhona noma yikuphi emhlabeni futhi ishibhile.
- Inikeza ithuba elisha emkhakheni wezolimo njengoba izitshalo zamandla zithatha indawo yalezo ezishiywe dengwane noma ezingasasetshenziselwa imisebenzi yazo yasekuqaleni, ngaleyo ndlela zivimbele ukuguguleka komhlabathi kanye nokuwohloka.
- Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-biomass.
- Ikhiqiza cishe akukho kukhishwa kwekhabhoni wezinhlayiya eziqinile noma ukungcola okufana ne-nitrogen noma isulfure.
- Ifaka isandla ekukhuleni komnotho ezindaweni zasemakhaya, kanye nokuvulwa kwamathuba emisebenzi emisha.
- Eqinisweni, ukuze kusetshenziswe la mandla avuselelekayo avela ku-biomass evela ezitshalweni zamandla, kufanele kushiswe, kube nomphumela wokuthi isikhutha sikhishelwe emkhathini, okungase kubonakale njengento embi. Nokho, ezitshalweni ezikhiqiza amandla, njengoba izitshalo zikhula, zibamba isikhutha, ziqede ukungcola okubangelwa ukusha.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwemfucuza evela kweminye imisebenzi, lokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-residual biomass, kunomthelela ekugayweni kabusha nasekunciphiseni imfucuza. Ekugcineni, kokubili izinsalela ze-organic kanye ne-inorganic ziyasuswa, zisebenzise ngokunye ukusetshenziswa.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwalamandla kunciphisa ukuthembela kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi.
Ukungalungi kwamandla we-biomass
Uma sesizwile ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo ezifanele zemvelo nezenhlalo-mnotho ze-biomass, lesi sigaba sizobonisa ububi be-biomass neminye yemithelela yayo kwezemvelo:
- Kwesinye isikhathi I-biomass iqukethe umswakama okumele womiswe ngaphambi kokuba ushiswe. Ekugcineni, lokhu kusho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu uma wengeza inqubo.
- Ukukhiqiza inani elifanayo lamandla kudinga i-biofuel eyengeziwe kunamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, ngakho-ke kudingeka isikhala esiningi ukuyigcina.
- Uma i-biomass itholakala ngezinqubo ezimbi, okungukuthi, ukuhlukunyezwa nokunganakwa, lokhu kungaholela ekucekeleni phansi kwezindawo zemvelo nokugawulwa kwamahlathi.
- Sibhekene nensiza esanda kuvela ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obungeke bukwazi ukuyisebenzisa kahle, njengoba kwenzeka kumafutha awuketshezi naqinile.
- Izindleko zokusebenzisa i-biomass ziyakhuphuka lapho ukuthutha nokugcina kunzima.
- Uma ukushiswa kwe-biomass kukhiqiza izinto ezinobuthi, Ukusha kufanele kwenzeke emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-900 ºC.
- Nakuba i-biomass itholakala yonke indawo eMhlabeni, ayikho indawo efanelekile yokuyisebenzisa ngenxa yesikhala esikhulu esidingekayo.
Isetshenziswa kanjani?
Ukuze izinsalela ze-organic zibe umthombo wamandla, kufanele zidlule ochungechungeni lwezinqubo zebhayoloji, ze-thermochemical noma zemishini. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa isitofu noma ubhayela ukuyiphehla.
Uma i-biomass iguqulwa ukuze ikhiqize ugesi, ama-biofuels noma ukushisa, sikubiza ngokuthi "i-bioenergy". Isibonelo, lapho imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo isetshenziselwa ukufudumeza, i-bioethanol noma i-biodiesel isetshenziswa embonini yezimoto, i-biokerosene isetshenziswa ezindizeni, ku-steam noma amandla ashisayo asetshenziswa emkhakheni wezimboni, noma ama-biofuels asetshenziswa kwezokuthutha.
I-biomass ingasetshenziswa ngezinqubo ezilandelayo:
- Ukushisa Le nqubo yenzeka ezitshalweni zikagesi ukuze zikhiqize ukushisa noma ugesi.
- Ukugaya ukudla. Le nqubo yenziwa amagciwane athile ukuze akhiqize igesi.
- Ukuvutshelwa. Phakathi nale nqubo, udoti othile wemvelo uyavutshelwa ukuze kukhiqizwe uphethiloli.
- Shisisa noma deflate. Lezi zinqubo zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugesi noma imikhiqizo ngokulandelana okuhlukene.
Izinhlobo ze-biomass
Uma kubhekwa izinto ezingavuthiwe ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza, izinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene ze-biomass zingabonakala:
- i-biomass esele. Ikhiqizwa udoti emisebenzini ethile yabantu. Ezinye zezinzuzo zayo ukuthi isiza ukunciphisa inani lezindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu, inciphisa amathuba okungcola nemililo, futhi iyindlela yokonga.
- Insalela yezolimo. Izinhlamvu ezingasetshenziselwa ukudla kwezilwane noma kwabantu zisetshenziswa njengama-biofuels noma ukukhiqiza ugesi. Okunye okusele okusetshenzisiwe amagobolondo e-alimondi, amathambo ezilwane, noma izinsalela ezisikiwe.
- Kuvela ku-ecosystem yemvelo ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. Izinsalela zokutshala, amagatsha, amaconifers, izinkuni zokubasa, izingodo eziqinile noma imfucumfucu yamasaha ingasetshenziswa. Ukuze zingalimazi imvelo, akufanele zisetshenziswe kabanzi.
- Izitshalo zamandla. Amandla atholakala ezitshalweni ezikhiqizelwa yena ngokukhethekile. Lezi zitshalo zibonakala ngokumelana kwazo nekhono lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezimangelengele. Kuleli qembu kukhona amabele, umoba, okusanhlamvu, amazambane kanye ne-cynara phakathi kokunye.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezinzuzo kanye nokubi kwe-biomass energy.