Ubhekene nenkinga enkulu yomhlaba wonke esinayo ngokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki, i- izinto ezibolayo. Ziyizinto ezibola ngokubonga ngokungenelela kwezinto eziphilayo ezifana nesikhunta nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezikhona emvelweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, azinamathele enhlabathini noma kunoma iyiphi enye indlela futhi azingcolisi. Inqubo yokubola iqala ngamabhaktheriya akhipha ama-enzyme futhi athande ukuguqulwa komkhiqizo wokuqala ube yizinto ezilula. Ekugcineni, yonke imicroparticles yenhlabathi iyafakwa kancane kancane.
Ngalesi sizathu, njengoba izinto ezibolayo ziba zibaluleke kakhulu, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngazo.
Yiziphi izinto ezibolayo
Izinto ezibolayo zibhekwa njengezo zonke izinto ezibolayo ngenxa yokungenelela kwesikhunta nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezikhona emvelweni. Lapho into ihlaselwa ngamagciwane, inqubo yokubola iyaqala, ekhipha ama-enzyme ukusiza ukuguqula umkhiqizo wokuqala ube izakhi ezilula. Isigaba sokugcina siqukethe ukumunca izinhlayiya ezisuka enhlabathini kancane kancane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinto ezingaboli zihlala kuphela emhlabathini futhi zibhubhise imvelo ezungezile. Izinto zokwenziwa eziningi zesimanje azinawo amabhaktheriya angazenza lula, ngakho-ke zihlala zinjalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela zingcolisa imvelo.
Ngenhlanhla, inqubekela phambili yesayensi nayo isisizile kulo mkhakha, yakha izinto ezisimeme ngokwemvelo nezilahlayo ezibolayo ezingashintsha lezo ezingasasebenzi futhi eziyingozi manje. Ukuze ugweme ukunqwabelana kwamakhemikhali angenakuboliswa yimveloKusacutshungulwa izixazululo ezimbili njengamanje: kusetshenziswa izimpande noma amagciwane amancane angahlasela imikhiqizo ethathwa njengengadicileli phansi, noma izinto ezithuthukiswayo ezingabulawa yizinto ezivamile.
Ngale ndlela, ukuqoqwa kwezinto ezenzeka nsuku zonke emhlabeni wethu, nokuthi abantu abaningi abazi, kungaphela unomphela, noma kunciphise kakhulu ukupakisha okuthile, amaphepha, okokusebenza, njll. Awudingi ukulinda iminyaka eminingana ize inyamalale ngokuphelele ngokomzimba.
Izinhlobo zezinto ezibolayo
Ake sibheke ukuthi iziphi izinto ezivame kakhulu futhi ezaziwa kakhulu ngokuboliswa kwe-biodegradable:
Amapulasitiki avela kusitashi ne-rye
Amapulasitiki abolayo okwenziwa ngokhula noma isitashi sikakolweni njengamanje akhiqizwa ngezinga lezimboni, ngokwesibonelo ukwenza izikhwama zikadoti. Ukuwohloka kwalezi zepulasitiki kungathatha izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyi-6, ngaphansi komhlaba noma emanzini, kuya ngejubane lapho isitashi sifakwa khona.
Ngokufanayo, oplastiki ababolayo ngokuphelele abenziwe nge-rye noma ngemicu ecindezelweyo bangathatha indawo yeplastiki eyakhiwe ngophethiloli. Enye yazo isuselwa kusitashi se-rye futhi iza ngesimo sezinto eziyimbudumbudu ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza izitsha. Ekushintsheni ukwakheka kanye nenqubo yeplastikhi, izici zobuchwepheshe ezinjengobuningi, imodi enwebeka, amandla okuqina, ukusonteka kungatholakala, njll. Izici zalezi zinto zifana kakhulu nezama-polymers ajwayelekile anemvelaphi ye-petrochemical.
Amapulasitiki okwenziwa okubolayo okubolayo
Kuleli qembu, kunezinhlobo ezithile zama-polymer zokwenziwa ezingase zilulaze ngokwemvelo noma ngokungeza izinto ezingasheshisa ukonakala kwazo. La mapulasitiki afaka amapulasitiki e-oxygen-biodegradable kanye ne-poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Amapulasitiki e-oxidative e-biodegradable angamapulasitiki okwenziwa, lapho kunezelwa khona izithasiselo zamakhemikhali ezithuthukisa i-oxidation ekwakheni ukuqala noma ukusheshisa inqubo yokwehliswa kwe-oxidative ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ebolayo. I-PCL iyi-polyester e-biodegradable ne-biocompatible thermoplastic polyester esetshenziswa kuzicelo zezokwelapha.
Ama-polymers wemvelo abolayo, abizwa nangokuthi ama-biopolymers, akhiqizwa emithonjeni evuselelekayo. Eminye imikhiqizo esiyibalulile ifaka phakathi ama-polysaccharides akhiqizwa izitshalo (isitashi sommbila, umdumbula, njll.), i-polyester eyenziwe ngamakhemikhali amancane (ikakhulukazi amabhaktheriya ahlukahlukene), injoloba yemvelo, njll.
Izindwangu zephepha nezendalo
Sisebenzisa iphepha ngandlela thile empilweni yethu yansuku zonke, futhi engaba yinto ebolayo. Kungenzeka amathawula wephepha, napkins, izincwadi zokubhalela, amaphephandaba, izincwadi zokuposa, izikhwama zamaphepha okwakhiwa, amarisidi, amathikithi okupaka, amapuleti ephepha nezinkomishi, amafomu nezicelo, noma ngisho nezihloko eziwusizo. Njengoba sonke sizungezwe iphepha, kungani ungalisebenzisi kabusha?
Ungashintshela ezingutsheni ezenziwe ngamakhemikhali athandwayo nokotini, i-jute, ilineni, uboya, noma izindwangu zikasilika. Ngaphezu kukasilika, izindwangu zemvelo zishibhile, zikhululekile ukugqoka, futhi ziyaphefumula. Ngokungafani nezindwangu zokwenziwa, izindwangu zemvelo ziyaboliswa futhi azidingi ukwenza inqubo yokwenziwa. Izinzuzo eziningi zale mikhiqizo ukuthi yehla kalula futhi ayikhiqizi imikhiqizo eyingozi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inayiloni, i-polyester, i-lycra, njll. Zenziwe ngokucubungula okwenziwe futhi ziyizindwangu ezingaboli.
Izinzuzo zezinto ezibolayo
Kunezinzuzo eziningi zokusebenzisa izinto ezibolayo. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:
- Ayivezi imfucuza: Ziyizinto zemvelo ngokuphelele ezingasetshenziswa ngama-microorganisms ngaphandle kobunzima, yingakho ngizisebenzisa ukusebenza kumjikelezo wami wempilo. Ngakho-ke, ayikhiqizi imfucuza ngoba ayihlali endaweni yokulahla noma yokulahla udoti isikhathi eside.
- Akukhiqizi ukuqoqwa kokulahlwa komhlaba: Ziyisixazululo esihle ezinkingeni zesikhala ezikhona ekugcwalisweni komhlaba, ngenxa yokuqongelelwa kwezinto ezingaboli.
- Kulula ukukhiqiza nokukhohlisa: Ungenza cishe noma yini ngezinto ezibolayo ngaphandle kokunciphisa ikhwalithi.
- Aziqukethe ubuthi: ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibolayo akuvumeli ukuncika okunjalo ekusetshenzisweni kwezinye izinto ezidinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu nokungcoliswa okukhulu.
- Kulula ukuzisebenzisa kabusha: zisebenza kabusha ngokuphelele futhi azidingi izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwelashwa kwazo.
- Imfashini: Kuyimakethe ekhulayo futhi okwengeziwe ngokwengeziwe kuyaziwa ngayo.
- Azingcolisi: Uma sikhuluma ngodoti wabo, izinto ezibolayo zingaba nomthelela omncane kuzwe nakwezemvelo.
- Kukwenza usekele kakhudlwana: Kuyindlela enhle yokwenza ngaphambi kwemvelo nempilo njengoba sinikela ekunakekelweni kwemvelo futhi sisiza ekwakheni intuthuko esimeme.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezinto zokubola ezihlukaniswayo nezici zazo.