ESpain sinenqwaba yezihlahla ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, enye yezinto eziningi kakhulu futhi eyaziwa kakhulu ngabantu abaningi uphayini. Kukhona ezahlukene izinhlobo zikaphayini eSpain futhi ngayinye yazo inezici ezihlukile. Iphayini wuhlobo lwesihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esomndeni wakwaphayini futhi singakhula sibe ngamamitha angu-40. Ineziqu eziqondile ezinemifantu emagxolweni ansundu. Njengoba lezi zihlahla zikhula, amagatsha angezansi ayashabalala, okwenza lesi sihlahla sibukeke sithambile. Amaqabunga kaphayini aluhlaza, 3 kuya ku-8 cm ngobukhulu futhi abukhali ngomumo.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ngezinhlobo eziyinhloko zezihlahla zikaphayini eSpain ezikhona nezici zazo eziyinhloko.
Izinhlobo zikaphayini eSpain
I-Pinus radiata
Izinga layo lezinkuni kanye nokukhiqiza kwalo okuphezulu ngamashifu amafushane uma kuqhathaniswa kuyathakazelisa kakhulu. Izinkuni zisetshenziselwa ukuthola izakhi ezihlukahlukene: imishayo, ukubaza kwangaphandle, ibhodi lezinhlayiyana kanye ne-pasta.
UPinus sylvestris
Ukuze kufezeke imishayo, ifenisha, i-parquet phansi, amakholomu, njll. Ibuye isetshenziselwe izinkuni zokubasa namathoshi. Namuhla, izingxenye ezinhle zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ifenisha ephucuziwe, imishayo nezinye izimo, kuyilapho izingxenye ezingaphansi zisetshenziselwa ukwenza amathayela, amadekhi nezinye izinto ezingaqinile. Amasonto amaningi eGanadería del Norte akhiwe ngokhuni lukaphayini, noma olophahla, okwe-altare, noma kuzo zonke izikafula abazidingayo. Yayisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwezindlu nezigodlo, njengaseSan Lorenzo del Escorial.
UPinus uncinata
Izinzuzo zamanje zikaphayini omnyama ePyrenees zilinganiselwe ngoba la mahlathi asenamakhulu eminyaka eguqulwa abe amadlelo asezintabeni, futhi izinkuni zokubasa ziqoqwa emaqhugwaneni abelusi nezimvu ezindaweni eziphakeme ukuze kushiswe futhi kuphekwe. Amahlathi ethu amaningi kaphayini akhona manje imiqansa, izindawo ezinamatshe noma ezinye izihlabathi ezingabalulekile ekwaluseni.
Iwukhuni olumhlophe, i-heartwood ngezinye izikhathi i-salmon ensundu, ayinayo inhlaka kakhulu, kulula ukuyisika, yekhwalithi eguquguqukayo, ngokuvamile ephakathi ngenxa yamafindo amaningi.
I-Pinus pinea
Imbewu, amaphayinaphu, atholakala ezihlahleni zikaphayini futhi asetshenziselwa ukwenza amakhekhe namantongomane. Kodwa akuwona nje umthombo wokudla kwabantu, kodwa futhi nezilwane ezingenakubalwa, ezihlanganisa izinyoni, amagundane ngisho nezingulube zasendle. Ukukhiqizwa kukaphayinaphu kuphindwe kathathu ngonyaka kanti isivuno samantongomane kaphayini siyaguquguquka. Izinhlobo ezithile zikaphayini zingaba nesivuno esikhethekile esingafika kuma-cones angu-3.000. Izinga lokhuni lwayo lihle, kodwa okuqukethwe kwayo kwe-resin ephezulu kuyenza ingathandeki embonini nasemisebenzini yezandla. Ama-tannin akhishwa emagxolweni ukuze ancibilikise isikhumba.
Isikhombi sePinus
Izinto azithandayo eziyinhloko kukhona ukuqoqwa kwepulasitiki, ukudoba kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinkuni. Imikhiqizo emibili eyinhloko ikhishwa ku-resin. Inqubo yokuthola i-pine resin iye yashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kusukela kumasistimu akudala agcina ngokufa kwesihlahla sikaphayini kuya ezinhlelweni zanamuhla ezinolaka. Namuhla, sisakwazi ukubona uhlangothi olunenhlaka lukaHugues olusike uphayini, olusikwe lwafinyelela cishe ku-15cm ubude, olwaludume kakhulu kulo lonke ikhulu lama-XNUMX.
I-Pinus canariensis
I-Canary pine iyinhlobo engavamile phakathi kwezinhlobo zikaphayini ngenxa yokulula kwayo ukuvuselelwa esiqwini kanye nesiqu futhi iyakwazi ukuhluma ngemva komlilo, kodwa lokhu kuye kwaholela ekutshalweni kwayo ezindaweni eziningi ezisengozini yomlilo.
Ine-resin yokhuni eningi kakhulu okufanele isetshenziswe embonini noma emisebenzini yezandla, kodwa Kuyaziswa kakhulu lapho kwenziwa amathoshi, ikakhulukazi ukhuni lwenhliziyo, okuyingxenye emnyama emaphakathi.
Izimpawu zamaphayini eSpain
Uphayini isihlahla esikhulu esihlala siluhlaza unyaka wonke, amagatsha awo ayi-pyramidal uma esemancane futhi aba banzi futhi abe namagatsha amaningi njengoba esondela ekuvuthweni. Inomzimba owugqinsi, onama-scaly one-resin embozwe nxazonke. Amaqabunga acijile afana nezinaliti.
Isithelo saso simbozwe ngokhuni futhi ngaphakathi kunembewu. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezinaliti zikaphayini:
- main, ababodwa namazinyo.
- ama-bracts (izitho ezigcina imisoco yezimbali), ezincane kunamaqabunga avamile eduze kwegatsha futhi anobunxantathu uma zihlukaniswa nesisekelo.
- amaqabunga amadala, lezi zihlala ziluhlaza futhi zifana nenaliti, futhi zitholakala kumaqoqo amaqabunga angama-triangular amahlanu.
Izithelo zinezinga lokwakheka kwama-cones, ezinye zazo ezihlala zivaliwe iminyaka kuze kube yilapho kukhona okuzishukumisayo, njengomlilo, ukuvula nokuwisa imbewu phansi. Lesi sidingo sokuzala sibizwa nge-serotonin (ukujwayela umlilo kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane).
Ama-propiedades
Iphayini inezakhiwo eziningana, inzuzo eyinhloko okuyi-turpentine okuqukethwe kwamagxolo awo. Nakuba le nto iyacasula esikhumbeni, iye yaba nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Izingxenye ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zikaphayini yilezi: i-resin, imiqumbe, i-sage, izinkinobho nokhuni.
Izinzuzo zayo nazo ziyaziswa embonini yezokupheka, yezimonyo neyokhuni. Amantongomane kaphayini kade asetshenziswa ekubhakeni futhi engeza ukunambitheka kumasaladi, ukugcwalisa namasoso ezitsheni ezihlukene, futhi aziwa ngokuthi 'i-pesto'. Izinaliti zikaphayini zidliwa zixutshwe nemvuthuluka yesinkwa nogalikhi omisiwe.
Izakhiwo ze-balsamic zikaphayini zisetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinye ama-spa, amabhavu okugeza, iziqholo kanye nezithako ezenziwe ngophayini.
EYurophu, isinkwa sendabuko esenziwe ngamagxolo alesi sihlahla sibizwa ngokuthi "pettu". Isiko laso lisuka esikhathini lapho ukudla kwakukuncane. Izinaliti zikaphayini kudala zisetshenziswa emakhishini ngenxa yephunga lazo elimnandi kanye ne-flavour exotic.
Amasiko okudla avuselelwa emhlabeni jikelele lapho izitshalo ezidliwayo zasendle, ezinyamalale nokudayiswa, zidliwa. Uphayini ungowomdabu futhi uletha izinzuzo zemvelo emhlabeni, ukhiqiza ukunambitheka okusha okuvusa izinzwa.
Ukusebenzisa izinaliti zikaphayini ekudleni kwethu, kufanele ziqale zenziwe nge-bleach. Kufanele zifakwe emanzini abilayo cishe imizuzwana engama-20. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalesi sikhathi, zafakwa emanzini eqhwa. Lokhu kuyawasiza futhi agcine umbala wawo ugqamile.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo zamaphayini eSpain nezici zawo.