Ukushintshwa kwezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi kufakwe amandla avuselelekayo kuyisihluthulelo sentuthuko esimeme. Amandla elanga angomunye wemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo eyaziwa kakhulu nesetshenziswa e-Spain ngenxa yamahora amaningi okukhanya kwelanga. Kukhona eziningana izinhlobo zamandla elanga enezici ezihlukene kodwa inhloso efanayo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamandla elanga akhona, izici zabo kanye nezinzuzo zokusetshenziswa.
Yini amandla elanga
Amandla elanga angumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo esingawathatha elangeni ngenxa yemisebe kagesi ewukhiphayo. Iwumkhiqizo wokuguquguquka kwe-athomu okungaguquki okwenzeka ngaphakathi kuyo, lapho inani elikhulu lama-athomu lihlangana khona ukuze akhe amandla amakhulu enuzi akhiqiza ukushisa namandla.
Amandla elanga angumthombo wethu omkhulu wamandla, futhi umoya, i-hydro, amafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye ne-biomass kuncike ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile kuwo. Ilanga likhipha amandla ngendlela yemisebe ye-short-wave, futhi ngaphambi kokuba amaphesenti angama-30 afinyelele ebusweni bamazwekazi noma olwandle, lidlula emkhathini, lapho lenziwa buthaka inqubo yokusabalalisa nokubonakaliswa kwama-molecule egesi emafwini. ama-absorber kanye nezinhlayiya ezimisiwe.
Naphezu kwalezi zinqubo, amandla amandla elanga makhulu kangangokuthi amandla atholwe ngehora elilodwa alingana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla omhlaba ngonyaka owodwa. Lesi yisizathu sokuthi kungani ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe belanga eliluhlaza kubaluleke kakhulu futhi izoletha izinzuzo ezinkulu zomhlaba esikhathini esizayo, ukusiza ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa, ukunciphisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuthuthukisa ukusimama kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela emandleni avuselelekayo.
izinhlobo zamandla elanga
Futhi indlela yokusebenzisa amandla elanga? Ngabaqoqi belanga noma amaphaneli e-photovoltaic, kokubili ukushisa nokukhanya kwelanga kungahlanganiswa futhi kuguqulwe kube ukushisa noma ugesi. Lezi zibonelo zamandla zakha amandla elanga asebenzayo futhi aqukethe ubuchwepheshe bamandla elanga obudinga izinsiza zangaphandle ukuze zibambe, ziguqule futhi zisabalalise amandla elanga.
Izinzuzo zamandla elanga zingase zisetshenziswe kancane ngokuklama nokwakha izindawo ezigcina ukushisa noma ezenza ukukhanya kwemvelo okwengeziwe. Ake sibone ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zamandla elanga zisebenza kanjani
Amandla we-Photovoltaic
Amandla elanga e-Photovoltaic aguqula imisebe yelanga ibe ugesi ngokusebenzisa amaseli e-photovoltaic ngenxa yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi umphumela we-photovoltaic. Amandla e-Photovoltaic akhiqizwa ngamaphaneli elanga anamaseli e-photovoltaic, ngokuvamile ahlanganisa ungqimba oluncane lwe-phosphor ne-crystalline silicon, izinto ze-semiconductor ezenza i-ionize futhi zikhulule ama-electron lapho zithola ukukhanya okuqondile. Isamba sama-electron amaningana sikhiqiza zamanje kanye nogesi.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokufakwa kwe-photovoltaic:
- Ukufakwa kwamaphaneli e-photovoltaic kubantu ngabanye: amakhaya, amabhizinisi, izindawo ezingomakhelwane noma amapulazi elanga afaka ngaphansi kuka-100 kW. Angaxhunywa kunethiwekhi noma ahlukaniswe.
- Izitshalo ze-Photovoltaic: Amandla afakiwe alezi zikhungo angafinyelela ku-1.500 kW. Zidinga indawo enkulu futhi zenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla abantu abakhulu nabaphakathi nendawo.
Amandla elanga ashisayo
Amandla ashisayo elanga asebenzisa ukushisa kwemisebe yelanga futhi akuguqule abe amandla ashisayo ukushisisa uketshezi olungasetshenziswa njengokufudumeza noma amanzi ashisayo ngenjongo yokuhlanzeka, indawo yokuhlala noma yezimboni. Amandla aqoqwa yilawa masistimu nawo angaphehla ugesi, njengoba ukushisa kungasetshenziselwa ukubilisa amanzi, ukuphehla isitimu, nokushayela izinjini zomoya.
Ukufakwa kwe-thermal ye-solar kuqukethe isistimu yokubamba imisebe yelanga (umqoqi welanga noma umqoqi), isistimu yokugcina amandla atholakele (i-accumulator) kanye nesistimu yokusabalalisa ukushisa nokusetshenziswa.
Kunezibonelo ezi-3 zamandla ashisayo elanga:
- Amandla okushisa elanga aphansi: Ikhiqizwa umqoqi, lapho ingafinyelela izinga lokushisa elifinyelela ku-65°C.
- Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi le-solar thermal: Laba baqoqi bangakwazi ukukhiqiza amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-300 ° C, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi bagxilisa amandla ngezibuko, basebenza kuphela ekukhanyeni okuningi okuqondile.
- Amandla okushisa elanga aphezulu: Isebenzisa iziqoqi kufika ku-500°C futhi ivumela ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ashisayo elanga ngama-steam turbines.
amandla elanga angasebenzi
I-Passive solar energy ingumthombo wamandla ohlanganisa ukushisa nokukhanya kwelanga ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imithombo yangaphandle. Lawa ngamasu angenzi lutho, njengalawo ahlongozwa yi-bioclimatic architecture, lapho umklamo, umumo, izinto zokwakha kanye nezimo zezulu uma wakha indlu noma isakhiwo.
Izindlu zelanga ezingenasici zingasindisa amandla amaningi, kodwa ubuchwepheshe kufanele busetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa noma ukulungiswa kabusha. Futhi akuwona ukuphela komthombo wamandla, ohambisanayo kuphela.
Izibonelo zezinhlobo zamandla elanga
Uma usazibuza ukuthi ngawaphi amandla elanga, lezi zibonelo zizokunikeza umbono ocacile wokuthi lolu hlobo lwamandla lungasetshenziswa kanjani:
- Ezokuthutha: Ama-Photovoltaics anganika amandla amabhasi, izitimela, nezimoto ngokuguqula imisebe yelanga ibe ugesi ukuze ishayele amamotho kagesi.
- Ukukhanya kwelanga: Lena enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ezingadini, ezindleleni noma ezindleleni. Lezi zibani ezingenazintambo azidingi ukusetha, zishaje emini futhi zikhanyise ebusuku.
- Faka amaphaneli elanga: vumela ukuzisebenzisa ezindlini, amabhizinisi, amahhotela, izakhiwo, njll.
- Ukushisa amasistimu: Amandla ashisayo angasetshenziswa ukushisisa uketshezi endaweni yokushisisa. Izifudumezi zamanzi elanga zingakwazi ukukhiqiza umoya oshisayo ebusika kanye nesiphephetha-moya ehlobo.
- Ukushisisa iphuli: Ukushisa kwelanga kungasetshenziswa ukushisisa amachibi angaphandle nangaphakathi.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa
- ISpain iyizwe elikahle lokutshala imali kumandla elanga ngenxa yobuningi bamahora okukhanya kwelanga.
- Amandla elanga angumthombo wamandla ongashi ngoba ungumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo esingakwazi ukuwuqeda.
- Amandla ahlanzekile: akukho ukumosha.
- Ikuvumela ukuthi ukhiqize ugesi noma kuphi, okungukuthi, amasistimu elanga angafakwa ezindaweni lapho inethiwekhi ingafinyeleli khona.
- Inenzuzo: Nakuba ukufakwa kwama-solar panel kudinga imali yokuqala, ukubheja okuzokhokha ngokushesha noma kamuva, futhi kunenzuzo yezomnotho esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside. Eqinisweni, kunezinye izindlela eziningi ezivumela ukufakwa ukuthi kuncishiswe ngaphambili. Isibonelo salokhu ukusetshenziswa kwe-photovoltaic okwabelwana ngakho emiphakathini yabanikazi, izindawo zokuhlala nezimboni.
- Easy ukugcinwa sonozungezilanga. Amaphaneli elanga ngokuvamile adinga inani elithile lokunakekelwa kokuvimbela unyaka ngamunye ukuze awagcine esebenza kahle phakathi neminyaka engu-20-25 yokuphila.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamandla elanga akhona kanye nezinzuzo zawo.