Emasontweni ambalwa edlule, i-International Agency for Amandla avuselelekayo (I-IRENA) wabamba Umhlangano Wayo we-VIII. Kulokhu, abamele abangaphezu kwe-1.000 150 abavela emazweni ayi-XNUMX babamba iqhaza kwaqhakanjiswa ukubaluleka kwamandla avuselelekayo ekwenziweni kwamandla kagesi okudingekayo.
Ngaphezu kokusiza ku- ezokuthutha, futhi lokho kuzodingeka ekuthuthukiseni amadolobha ahlakaniphile. UNobhala Wezwe Wezamandla umele uMbuso waseSpain.
Izindleko eziphansi
Ijika lokufunda lokuvuselelwa ngu ukuba obalulekile Eminyakeni edlule, lokhu kuholele ekwehliseni izindleko zokukhiqiza ugesi.
Lokhu kusiza lokho ngaso sonke isikhathi ziyaqaliswa amaphrojekthi ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba ngesilinganiso sezindleko eziphansi esizukulwaneni esiphansi.
Injalo-ke amandla omoya osebeni osebeni kusukela ngo-2010 abone izindleko zehliswa cishe ngama-25%, kanti amandla elanga e-photovoltaic enze kanjalo ngo-75% omangalisayo.
Irekhodi lentengo kuma-photovoltaics
Emasontweni ambalwa edlule, besivele siphawule ngalokhu ikhasi lewebhu ukuthi kukhona irekhodi elisha esungulwe yiMexico. Ugesi oshibhile emhlabeni wonke uzokhiqizwa, kusukela ngo-2020, esifundazweni saseMexico iCoahuila (enyakatho yezwe)
UMnyango Wezamandla (SENER) kanye neSikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokulawulwa Kwamandla (CENACE) bazisile imiphumela yokuqala yeNdali Yesikhathi Eside kagesi ka-2017 ebeka intengo kwirekhodi lomlando
Amabhidi angama-46 afake amabhidi awo, ayi-16 awo akhethwa njengakufanelekile. Le ndali izovumela izinkampani ezenza ugesi ukuthi zithole izinkontileka zokuthengisa amandla ahlanzekile namandla. A Utshalomali olungu- $ 2,369 wezigidi ezitshalweni ezintsha zamandla eziyi-15.
Ngaphakathi kwalaba abangu-16, owase-Italy ENEL Amandla Amandla okuyi unikeze intengo ephansi kakhulu: Amasenti angu-1.77 nge-kWh ngayinye akhiqizwa amandla we-photovoltaic, wephula irekhodi langaphambilini elinikezwe yinkampani yase-Saudi Arabia, eyayingamasenti angu-1.79 nge-kWh ngayinye.
Uma izibikezelo zifeziwe, kulindeleke ukuthi kulo lonke u-2019 noma ukuphela kuka-2018 amanani ezokwehla kakhulu aze afinyelele 1 cent kWh ngayinye
Ukwehliswa kwezindleko ngamandla avuselelekayo
Eqinisweni, i-IRENA ishicilele kungekudala umbiko wezindleko zokukhiqizwa kukagesi ngobuchwepheshe obuhlukile obuvuselelekayo ngo-2017 (Izindleko zokuvuselelwa kwamandla kagesi ngo-2017), lapho kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi wonke amandla avuselelekayo azoqhudelana ngo-2020.
Lolu cwaningo lubeka ukuthi izindleko zokukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamandla kagesi we-photovoltaic zizoncishiswa ngohhafu ngonyaka wezi-2020.
Ngenhlanhla, amandla avuselelekayo angena emakethe yamandla emhlabeni. Amazwe amaningi ngokwengeziwe abheja ezintweni ezivuselelekayo nangaphansi kwamafutha ezimbiwa phansi. Okungenani yilokho okushiwo ucwaningo eMadrid, okukhombisa lokho utshalomali lwamandla omhlaba lwehle ngo-12% ngowezi-2016, kube unyaka wesibili olandelanayo wokwehla.
Ucwaningo selulungiswe ngochwepheshe be-IEA futhi lubizwa ngeWord Energy Investment. Iqukethe ucezu lolwazi olukhombisa lokho utshalomali ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla lukhule ngo-9%. Ngabe kuliqiniso yini ukuthi kunamandla amaningi futhi asebenza ngokwengeziwe namandla okubasa ezimbiwa phansi?
Ngokufanayo, ubuchwepheshe obufana ne- i-biomass, i-geothermal, i-geothermal noma i-hydraulics iya ngokuncintisana nemithombo ejwayelekile.
Investment
Iningi lemali elitshalwe emhlabeni wonke ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla liye ekuthuthukiseni ukwakhiwa, kufaka phakathi izinto ezisebenza kahle nokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumiselwe ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-65.000 zamaRandi uye ku-R & D emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka wezi-2015. Kodwa-ke, inani elichithwe ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezamandla alikhuphukile eminyakeni emine edlule, ngisho nesabelo esihambelana namandla avuselelekayo.
Ngenhlanhla, njengamanje sinesimo esihluke kakhulu kunaleso ebesinaso eminyakeni embalwa edlule, maqondana nokuqhathanisa phakathi kwezindleko ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ngobuchwepheshe obuvuseleleka ngokuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile, lapho izindleko zikububanzi bamasenti angu-5-17 ase-US nge-kWh ngayinye.