Enye yezimbangela ezinkulu zokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide izimoto nokuhamba. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha emhlabeni wonke kuyancipha ngenxa yentuthuko nocwaningo emandleni avuselelekayo. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezifaka isandla ekwehliseni ukungcola akusafanele kwenziwe futhi zimbalwa kakhulu izimoto zikagesi ezisendleleni.
El I-Global Electric Vehicle Outlook ucwaningo olulinganisele ukuthi isibalo sezimoto zikagesi ezijikelezayo sizonyuka ngezintathu eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo. Siyini isizathu salokhu kwanda?
Ama-Los vehículos eléctricos
Kuze kube namuhla, izimoto zikagesi azisebenzi kahle noma zisebenza kahle ezenza abathengi baneliseke ngokugcwele. Abanazo izingqalasizinda ezidingekayo zokushaja amabhethri noma abakwazi ukuhamba isikhathi eside kakhulu ngenxa yokuzimela kwabo okuphansi. Ucwaningo lushicilelwe ngu i-International Energy Agency (IEA) futhi kwembula ukuthi, yize ngo-2016 izimoto zomhlaba ezihamba ngogesi zifinyelela ezimotweni eziyizigidi ezimbili kuphela, ngo-2020 zingaba cishe ngama-20.
Izimoto zikagesi zinobunzima obanele ukuze zikwazi ukungena futhi zincintisane ezimakethe zamazwe omhlaba, kepha, iChina izibeke ezimakethe njengenombolo yokuqala emhlabeni, ukubhekana nokuthengiswa kwama-40% ezimoto zikagesi zokuthengiswa okuphelele emhlabeni wonke ngo-2016.
Ngokumangazayo, i-United States isendaweni yesibili ekuthengiseni izimoto zikagesi kanti i-European Union isendaweni yesithathu. Kuphela phakathi kwalezi zimakethe ezinkulu ezintathu ezinqwabelene ngaphezu kuka-90% wazo zonke izinto ezithengiswayo emhlabeni jikelele. I-IEA ibuye yaqhakambisa embikweni ukukhula okukhula ngokushesha ezinye izimakethe ezithile ezibhekene nakho. Isibonelo, iNorway izuze ukuthi u-29% wazo zonke izimoto ezithengisayo ezikagesi.
Sekukonke emhlabeni zathengiswa ngo-2016 cishe izimoto ezingama-750.000 zikagesi. Ngaphezu kwezimoto zikagesi ezinamasondo amane, iChina nayo inezikuta nezikuta ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezingamakhulu amabili, okwenza izwe elikhulu lase-Asia libe yisizwe sokuqala emhlabeni uma kukhulunywa ngezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi.
Izibikezelo zekusasa
Ngokunikezwa lezi zibalo, i-International Energy Agency iyalinganisela ukuthi phakathi kwezigidi eziyisishiyagalolunye namashumi amabili izimoto zikagesi bangashayisa imigwaqo bese beba semgwaqweni ngo-2020. Ubuye abe nezibikezelo zango-2025 lapho elinganisela khona ukuthi kungaba nezimoto zikagesi eziphakathi kwezigidi ezingama-40 nezingama-70.
Lezi zibalo zingabonakala njengezikhuthaza futhi zihamba, kepha kufanele kushiwo ukuthi kuze kube manje, inani lezimoto zikagesi ezisakazwa emhlabeni wonke cishe liyi-0,2% yazo zonke izimoto. Kungakho singasho ukuthi imoto kagesi iseyinde indlela okumele ibe yiyo ukuze ibe ngumthombo obalulekile wokunciphisa igesi yokushisa. Lo mbiko ubuye ulinganisele ukuthi, uma sifuna ukugwema ukukhuphuka ngeziqu ezimbili emazingeni okushisa aphakathi komhlaba (okungaholela ezimeni ezingalungiseki), kungadingeka cishe izimoto eziyizigidi ezingama-600 ngogesi ngonyaka ka-2040. Ukufeza umsebenzi onje, izinqubomgomo eziqinile zokuxhasa nezinhlelo eziqinile ziyadingeka.
Amadolobha nendima yawo
Imizi badlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezimoto zikagesi. Into yokuqala ukuthi uhulumeni angakhuthaza ukutholwa kwezimoto zalezi zici ukunciphisa izinkinga zokungcola komoya. Ungashukumisa abantu ngokupaka okulula kubo bonke labo abanezimoto zikagesi, ukufaka uphethiloli mahhala, njll. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunamadolobha amane amakhulu aseNyakatho Melika abheja ekutholakaleni kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi futhi asebenza njengesibonelo kuwo wonke umhlaba wezomnotho.
Ekugcineni, i-Agency ibheka iqhaza layo lokusabalalisa njengelibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ukumemezela izinzuzo zokuhamba kungukhiye kubasebenzisi bezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi.