I-Los izimoto ze-hydrogen Izimoto ezithathwa njengezingenayo i-zero emissions. Basebenza nge-fuel cell, lapho i-hydrogen ifakwa e-oxidized ukuze ikhiqize ugesi ukuze uhanjiswe. Kukhishwa umhwamuko wamanzi kuphela phakathi nale nqubo. Kuye ngemodeli, i-motor eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kagesi inesibopho sokuhamba kwemoto. Izoxhunywa ngebhethri ne-fuel cell. Le ngxenye izoqedwa ngethangi lokugcina eligcina i-hydrogen.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nezimoto ze-hydrogen nezici zazo.
Izici zezimoto ze-hydrogen
Lapho umshayeli eseyivulile imoto, into yokuqala okudingeka iyenze imoto ukugcwalisa i-fuel cell nge-hydrogen. Lapho, ihlangana nomoya-mpilo kukhishwe, kuhlungwe futhi kucindezelwe ngaphandle nge-compressor. Ngalolu mbimbi, kuzokhiqizwa ugesi namanzi.
Okubalulekile ukuthi amandla adluliselwe ebhethrini ukuze agcinwe. Ayingeni ngqo enjinini. Lolu hlelo lwenziwa ngale ndlela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuhlale kukhona amandla uma umshayeli ewadinga futhi awekho ama-tic angakhululekile.
Kuze kube manje, ukusebenza kwezimoto ezinalezi zici kuzozuza abalandeli abaningi ngokwengeziwe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ngokwezilinganiso ze-Spanish Hydrogen Energy Association (AeH2), imboni ilindele ukuthi Izimoto ze-hydrogen ezingu-140.000 zizobe zisakazwa eSpain phakathi neminyaka eyi-11.
Izinzuzo zezimoto ze-hydrogen
Ayingcolisi
Njengoba sichazile ngaphambili, Izimoto ze-hydrogen zikhipha umhwamuko wamanzi kuphela. Lolu hlobo lwemoto, olubizwa nge-hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV), lufana nemoto esebenza ngogesi ngezindlela eziningi. Ngokungakhiphi izinto eziyingozi, uzosiza ukuvikela imvelo futhi unciphise ukungcoliswa okukhulu okubangelwa izinto zokuhamba zendabuko.
Ukufaka amafutha ngokushesha
Kuthatha imizuzu engu-3-5 kuphela ukugcwalisa imoto nge-hydrogen, esifana nesikhathi esidingekayo kuphethroli noma udizili. Ngalo mqondo, izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ziyancipha ngenxa yokuthi zidinga okungenani imizuzu engu-30 ukuze zifake uphethiloli. Ngokufanayo, ngokusho kwedatha ye-AeH2, isilinganiso sezindleko zokugcwalisa imoto ye-hydrogen ngama-euro angu-8,5 ngamakhilomitha angu-100, okufana nezindleko zomshayeli wemoto yedizili noma uphethiloli.
Uhlangabezana nezinhloso zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-EU
Uma ungumnikazi wemoto ye-hydrogen, uzolinda (futhi uzijwayeze) ekuqondisweni kokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-EU ka-2030. Ngalowo nyaka, ukungcola okuphuma ku-EU izimoto ezintsha kufanele zibe ngaphansi kwama-35% kunango-2021.
Ukugcinwa okuncane
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto ezisebenzisa izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, lezi zimoto zinokulungiswa okuncane kwenjini futhi kulula kakhulu. I-hydrogen ihlanzekile lapho kukhiqizwa futhi isetshenziswa. Ngalesi sizathu, sebephenduke ababambeli bangempela abakhuthazwa amazwe athuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngokwesibonelo, akukhona nje ukuqondana ukuthi iJalimane yabele ama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-140 unyaka ngamunye ekuthuthukisweni kwalo mandla.
Abanamsindo
Izimoto ze-Hydrogen zithulile futhi azingcolisi njengezimoto zikagesi zendabuko. Kodwa babadlula ngesinye isici esibaluleke kakhulu: ukuzimela. KANYELaba bamuva bangahamba isilinganiso samakhilomitha angu-300 ngeshaji eyodwa, kuyilapho i-hydrogen ingahamba ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kwalokho.
Ungakwazi ukupaka ngaphandle kokukhokha
Njengoba zithathwa njengezimoto ezihlanzekile, izimoto ezisebenza nge-hydrogen nazo zibhalwe ngokuthi 'zero emissions' yi-DGT, njengezimoto zikagesi. Lokhu kuletha izinzuzo ezifanayo nalezo “abafowabo” abazijabulelayo (ikakhulukazi emadolobheni athile). Phakathi kwazo, abanayo imingcele ekushayeleni, bangakwazi ukupaka endaweni ye-SER ngaphandle kokukhokha, futhi banganyakaza ngisho nalapho izivumelwano zokuvimbela ukungcola ezisungulwe emadolobheni amakhulu njengeMadrid neBarcelona zisebenza ngesikhathi esithile.
Zibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu
Enye inzuzo yalolu hlobo lwemoto ukuthi, ngokungafani nezimoto zikagesi ezingu-100%, zingamelana kangcono namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ukusebenza kwemoto akushintshile neze futhi uhla lwayo alukashintshi kakhulu, njengemoto kagesi.
Ukungalungi kwezimoto ze-hydrogen
Intengo yokuthenga ephezulu
Abantu abenza izimoto ezisebenza nge-hydrogen basebenze kanzima ukuze behlise amanani, kodwa basephezulu kunezimoto zikagesi. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuncike kumkhiqizi ngamunye kanye nemodeli ngayinye. Noma kunjalo, izinhlobo esezivele ziqalile ukubheja kule nketho ziqinisekisa ukuthi izimoto ezisebenza nge-hydrogen zizothengeka kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa. Okwamanje, i-akhawunti elindile. Izici ze-fuel cell kanye nethangi le-hydrogen ukuthi Kumelwe bamelane nezingcindezi eziphakeme kakhulu yizona zizathu eziyinhloko zezindleko zabo eziphezulu zokukhiqiza.
Zimbalwa izindawo zokufaka uphethiloli
Kuze kube manje, inethiwekhi yeziteshi ze-hydrogen refueling ayinangqondo ngempela. E-Spain, "ama-generator kagesi wamanzi" (aziwa kakhulu) angabalwa ngesandla. Ngokusho kweNational Hydrogen Energy Center, bayisithupha kuphela abatholakalayo njengamanje. Zitholakala eSeville, ePuertollano, e-Albacete, eZaragoza, eHuesca naseBarbastro. Amanye amazwe aseqalile ukubheja ngale ndlela ehlukile.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezincane zamamodeli
Lapho ukhetha imodeli ye-hydrogen powered, azikho izinketho eziningi. Inkinga ngalobu buchwepheshe namuhla ukuthi abakhiqizi abalokothi bakhiqize amamodeli ngobuningi. Ngalo mqondo, inethiwekhi encane "yamajeneretha kagesi ngamanzi" okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla inethonya elibalulekile. Nakanjani kuzoba khona ukusabela kweketango. Njengoba emancane amagalaji kaphethiloli futhi nentengo yezimoto iphezulu, isidingo sisephansi kakhulu. Konke kusho ukuthi abakhiqizi abalokothi bangene ngokugcwele ebhizinisini lokusabalalisa.
Thatha isikhala esiningi
Izimoto zikagesi zama-fuel cell zinobunzima obukhulu bezobuchwepheshe. Ezimweni eziningi, zonke izingxenye imoto equkethe (injini, iyunithi yokulawula kanye ne-converter, ukudluliselwa, i-fuel cell), ikakhulukazi indawo ehlala ithangi le-hydrogen, yenza amamodeli akhiqizwa kuze kube manje abe mkhulu kakhulu.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezimoto ze-hydrogen nezici zabo.