I-savannah iyimvelo ebonakala ngezindawo ezinkulu ezinotshani, indawo yoguquko phakathi kwehlathi kanye nengxenye yogwadule. Uhlaza olukhulu luhlanganisa utshani, izihlahlana nezihlahla ezincane. Ama-savannah amakhulu kakhulu atholakala e-Afrika futhi mancane ngosayizi, adlulela e-Asia, e-Australia naseNingizimu Melika. Baningi izilwane ze-savannah futhi ngayinye yazo inezici ezihlukile eziye zashintshwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze zikwazi ukuphila kulesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nezilwane ezahlukene ze-savannah, izici zabo nendlela yokuphila.
I-savannah njenge-ecosystem
I-savannah yase-Afrika iveza ukuhlukahluka ngenxa yokwandiswa kwayo okukhulu (ihlanganisa isikhungo, ububanzi bezwekazi kanye neningi leNingizimu Afrika). Inezindawo ezishisayo nezishisayo. Lapho, izimo zezulu ziyehluka ngezinkathi ezimbili ezihlukene: inkathi eyomile ibusa futhi inkathi yemvula ithatha izinyanga ezimbalwa unyaka ngamunye, nemvula eningi.
Izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zihlala emathafeni ase-Afrika, kusukela ezilwaneni ezincelisayo (njengezindlovu, amabhubesi, izingulule, izindlulamithi, nama- meerkats), izilwane ezihuquzelayo (ezifana nezimfudu zezingwe, izinyoka zamahlosi asempumalanga, namabuja anemithende), kuya ezinambuzaneni (njengezintuthwane) kanye nomuhlwa).
Ama-Savannah ahlukaniswa ngokwendawo kanye nesimo sezulu (ukukhiqiza izinguquko emhlabathini, izitshalo nezilwane) futhi kungaba:
- I-Intertropical savannah. Itholakala ekuphakameni kwenkabazwe, ibonakala ngezinkathi ezimbili zonyaka: inkathi eyomile (ehlala isikhathi esiningi sonyaka futhi inhlabathi isala yomile kakhulu) kanye nenkathi yemvula nemvula (ifushane futhi ingakha amaxhaphozi). I-Etosha National Park eNamibia, e-Afrika, iyisibonelo se-savannah nenye yezindawo ezinotshani ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni.
- i-savannah epholile. Eyaziwa nangokuthi indawo enotshani, ibonakala ngokuba nezinkathi zonyaka ezimbili ezihlukene (okushuba kakhulu ehlobo nokubanda ebusika), okwenza umhlabathi ungavundi. Isibonelo se-savannah epholile iLa Pampa e-Argentina.
- I-savannah yaseMedithera. Itholakala ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nezwekazi futhi ibonakala ngemithombo yamanzi eyivelakancane kanye nezitshalo. Nokho, ingahlalwa izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezinjengezindlovu, izindlulamithi, izinyamazane nezingwe. Isibonelo se-savannah yaseMedithera imaphakathi neMeseta eNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia yaseSpain.
- i-savannah yezintaba. Itholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme nezintaba, lapho isimo sezulu sibi kakhulu, izimila ezikhuhlayo ziningi futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezijwayele izimo ezomile (njengamadube futhi ekugcineni ubhejane omnyama). Isibonelo se-montane savannah i-savannah yasehlathini yaseKenya, e-Afrika.
izilwane ze-savannah
Ubusuku nemini buhlala inani elifanayo lamahora endaweni ye-savannah yase-Afrika etholakala enkabazwe. Isikhathi sezimvula senzeka ngesikhathi sasehlobo (noma esimanzi), kuyilapho inkathi eyomile (ehlala isikhathi esiningi sonyaka) idala izimo ezinzima ukuze izitshalo nezilwane ziphile.
Izimila ze-savannah yase-Afrika ziye zajwayela isimo sezulu, ngakho-ke kunezinhlobo eziningi zotshani (njengomtholo, i-baobab kanye nesundu) kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamakhambi (njenge-rhododendron ne-rhododendron, i-oat grass) .
Ezinye izibonelo zezilwane ezivela e-Afrika savannah yilezi:
- Ingulule. Yisilwane esincelisayo sasemhlabeni esishesha kakhulu emhlabeni, esikwazi ukugijima ukusuka kuqanda ukuya kumakhilomitha angama-96 ngehora ngemizuzwana emithathu nje. Ukubona kwayo okuhle kuyivumela ukuthi ibone inyamazane (njenge antelope noma onogwaja) ezindaweni ezinotshani.
- León. Ingenye yamakati amakhulu kunawo wonke (eyesibili kuphela kumahlosi) futhi ngokuvamile ihlala futhi izingela ngamaphakethe. Ungumzingeli onekhono osebenzisa amasu ukuze aphoqelele inyamazane yakhe. Kodwa-ke, ayisebenzi kakhulu ngoba ivamise ukuphumula cishe amahora angama-20 ngosuku (ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi enye i-feline).
- Ingwe. Iyikati elincane kunawo wonke ohlotsheni lwayo. Ivamise ukudidaniswa nengulule, kodwa inemilenze emifushane futhi ingafinyelela isivinini esingamakhilomitha angamashumi amahlanu nesikhombisa. Ihle kakhulu ekuzingeleni nasekugibeleni ezihlahleni (ingakwazi ukugibela ezihlahleni kuyilapho ithwele inyamazane ephindwe kabili isisindo somzimba wayo).
- I-NU, ephuma emndenini wezinyamazane, ingafinyelela ubude obungamamitha amabili nesigamu futhi ibe nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angamakhulu amabili namashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu. Idla utshani futhi ngezikhathi ezomile ezibhubhisa uhlaza, ivame ukufuduka iyofuna utshani obuluhlaza. Lapho zifuduka, zenza kanjalo emihlambini yezinkonkoni ezingaba ngu-500.000 XNUMX, ziphelezelwa ezinye izilwane ezinjengamadube nezinsephe.
- Intshe. Iyinyoni yendabuko yase-Afrika futhi ingenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu. Inamaphiko, kodwa ayikwazi ukundiza. Nokho, kuhle kakhulu ekugijimeni futhi ingafinyelela amakhilomitha angamashumi ayisithupha ngehora (sibonga imilenze yayo emide futhi enamandla). Ukuze ushintshe indlela lapho ugijima, sebenzisa amaphiko akhe ukuze uyisize.
- Idube. Iphuma emndenini wamahhashi, kodwa iyihlane. Inoboya obukhetheke kakhulu obunemigqa emnyama nemhlophe. Uhlobo lwayo lokudla ludla uhlaza, futhi kuye ngokuthi indawo itholakala kuphi, ingadla amakhambi, amaqabunga, iziqu, amagatsha namagxolo. Ihlale iqaphile ukugwema izilwane ezizingelayo: izimpisi namabhubesi.
- Ndlovu. Ingenye yezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu kakhulu futhi idla uhlaza ngokuphelele, idinga ukudla okungama-300kg namalitha ayi-160 amanzi ngosuku. Ibonakala ngomzimba omude, izindlebe ezinkulu, nobuhlakani obukhulu. Iminyaka yazo yokuphila iyiminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa, kanti isikhathi sokumitha kwamaphuphu azo iminyaka emibili. Ngokuvamile balala amahora amathathu ngosuku.
- Imamba emnyama. Iyinyoka ende enesihlungu ende kunazo zonke e-Afrika (ifinyelela kumamitha amane nesigamu) futhi ingenye yezinhlobo ezishesha kakhulu emhlabeni (ingakwazi ukushibilika ngamakhilomitha angama-20 ngehora). Igama layo alitholi embaleni wesikhumba sayo (oluhlaza noma ompunga), kodwa kumbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomnyama ngaphakathi emlonyeni wayo, eliwuvulayo lapho lisongelwa.
- sulcata ufudu Iwufudu olukhulu, olungafika kumasentimitha angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili nanhlanu ubude. Izinyanga ezimbalwa, lapho isimo sezulu sishisa kakhulu futhi somile, ngokuvamile ihlala ngaphansi komhlaba ukuze izivikele ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni (imigodi yayo iyinikeza umswakama owanele ukuze iphile).
- Ibhungane lomswani Yisinambuzane sase-Afrika esikwazi ukuzimisa ngokwenyanga nezinkanyezi. Inokuziphatha kwe-atypical, yingakho igama. Yenza amabhola (noma ama-pellets) ngomquba wawo, bese uwahambisa emigodini ebimbiwe ngaphambilini. Ezinsikazi zizalela amaqanda kula mabhola obulongwe. Uma lezi seziyizibungu, zingakwazi ukudla futhi zikhule.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezilwane ze-savannah nezici zazo.