Izilwane zasolwandle iMedithera

izinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle lwaseMedithera

ULwandle iMedithera lwaziwa ngokucebile ngezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Kuthathwa njengolwandle olunomlando obaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke impucuko yaseNtshonalanga njengoba bekuyindawo lapho amasiko amaningi athuthuka khona. Kubhekwa njengolwandle lwesibili ngobukhulu phakathi nezwe emhlabeni, ngemuva kweCaribbean. Baningi izilwane zasolwandle imediterranean okufanele ukwazi ngezici zabo eziyingqayizivele.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ngezilwane eziyinhloko zoLwandle LwaseMedithera, izici zazo kanye nezinye izinto ezithandekayo.

izici zolwandle

Le ndawo yasolwandle iqukethe amanzi amaningi, amelela i-1% yendawo yonke yezilwandle zomhlaba. Umthamo wamanzi ungamakhilomitha ayi-3.735 wama-cubic kilometers kanti ukujula okuphakathi kwamanzi ngamamitha ayi-1430. Inobude obuphelele bamakhilomitha angu-3.860 kanye nendawo ephelele yamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-2,5.. Wonke lo mthamo wamanzi wenza ukugeza kube nokwenzeka ezinhlonhlweni ezi-3 zaseningizimu yeYurophu. Lezi zinhlonhlo ziyiNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, iNhlonhlo Yase-Italy kanye ne-Balkan. Iphinde igeze inhlonhlo yase-Asia ebizwa ngokuthi i-Anatolia.

Igama leMedithera livela kumaRoma asendulo. Ngaleso sikhathi yayibizwa ngokuthi “Mare nostrum” noma “Ulwandle Lwethu”. Igama elithi Mediterranean livela kwelesiLatini elithi medi terraneum, okusho inkaba yomhlaba. Igama lingenxa yemvelaphi yomphakathi owaliqamba igama, ngoba babazi izwe elizungeze lolu lwandle kuphela. Lokhu kwabenza babona iMedithera njengenkaba yomhlaba. AmaGreki anikeze lolu lwandle igama lalo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube namuhla.

I-Extremar ixhumeke kuLwandlekazi i-Atlantic ngokusebenzisa iStrait of Gibraltar. Itholakala phakathi kweYurophu eseningizimu, enyakatho ye-Afrika, naseduze nogu olusempumalanga nolusentshonalanga. I-Atlantic Ocean akuyona kuphela indlela yokuxhumana eyinhloko, kodwa futhi ixhumeke oLwandle Olumnyama ngokusebenzisa i-Bosphorus kanye ne-Dardanelles. Enye isixhumanisi sakhe sisoLwandle Olubomvu. Ixhunywe yiSuez Canal.

Izilwane zasolwandle iMedithera

izilwane zasolwandle imediterranean

Izinhlobo ezihlala oLwandle iMedithera zihlukene kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ulwandle olucebile ngezitshalo nezilwane zasolwandle futhi lokhu kubangelwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuthi ulwandle olufudumele nolunosawoti othanda ukukhula kwezimila zasolwandle ngaphakathi. , naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi, ngenxa yokungcola, ibhalansi yemvelo yale ndawo yasolwandle isongelwa kakhulu.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-17.000 ezibhaliswe eMedithera, okungamaphesenti angu-4,1 kuphela izilwane ezinomgogodla noma izinhlanzi, kuyilapho cishe ama-25,6% angama-molluscs nama-crustaceans. Isici esikhulu kunazo zonke zezilwane zaseMedithera ukuthi ama-20% ahlala ehlala njalo, okusho ukuthi ingatholakala kuphela eMedithera.

Izinhlanzi zaseMedithera zaziswa kakhulu emakethe futhi ukudoba kubangela izinkinga ezinkulu ekongiweni kwazo. izinhlobo ezifana i-cod, i-mullet ebomvu, i-turbot, i-flounder, ama-anchovies namasardine asongelwa, ngokocwaningo lwakamuva.

Kodwa-ke, ohulumeni baye basungula izindlela ezihlukene zokuqinisekisa ukushintshana kwezilwane zasolwandle, njengokwakhiwa kwezindawo ezivikelekile, ubuncane bosayizi wokudoba noma ukuvalwa kwesikhashana.

Izinhlanzi zasolwandle iMedithera

izinhlanzi zasolwandle

Izilwane zasolwandle zaseMedithera zihlukahlukene kangangokuthi zibhekwa njengendawo ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke.

Izinhlanzi ezihlala kulolu lwandle zingahlukaniswa ngokwezici ezihlukahlukene, ngokusho kokudla kwazo (i-carnivorous, herbivorous, omnivorous), ngokusho komumo wazo (i-spindle, i-pear, i-compressed, i-sunken, i-eel), ngokuya ngendawo abahlala kuyo ( i-benthic, i-pelagic, i-benthic), njll ...

Izinhlanzi eziyigugu kakhulu eMedithera i-red mollusk, i-red mullet, i-cod, i-Patagonian toothfish (noma i-Patagonian toothfish), i-grouper kanye ne-sea bream. Njengenhlanzi evame kakhulu sithola i-Diplodocus, okuyizinhlobo ze-peciform ezakhiwe ama-snappers amaningana: i-king snapper, i-snapper evamile, i-mojarra noma ama-snappers ahlukahlukene, i-raspallón, i-pico snapper, njll...

EMedithera, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinhlanzi zibe amaqembu amabili amakhulu, izinhlanzi zasolwandle kanye ne-rock fish, ngayinye evame ukuba nezici zayo. Izinhlanzi zasolwandle zivame ukubhukuda emanzini avulekile, ngokuvamile izinhlobo ezifudukayo ezifana bluefin tuna (thunnus), inhlanzi kalamula (seriola dumerili), iqhude laseSan Pedro (Zeus Faber), i-llampuga, njll…

Kodwa ihluke kakhulu uma kuziwa ku-rockfish, ehlala noma etholakala eduze kwamadwala, imigede, noma ulwandle olunamadwala. Phakathi kwabo, uParablennius, Symphodus, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaqoqo (bona izinhlanzi ezibaluleke kakhulu), njll...

Izilwane zasolwandle iMedithera ezingenamgogodla

ulwandle

Lezi zinhlobo zibonakala ngosayizi wazo ongemkhulu kakhulu kanye nokuntuleka kwamathambo, nakuba eziningi zazo zimboza imizimba yazo ngamagobolondo noma izikhali. I-Cephalopod yizinhlobo ezinkulu zezilwane ezingenamgogodla, nakuba ziyi-mollusc, banezici nezici ezivame kakhulu ezinhlanzini kune-molluscs, okuhlanganisa izingwane, izingwane nengwane, okuyizilwane ezidla ezinye ezinobuhlakani obuthuthukile.

Ama-sea urchins kanye ne-starfish ayingxenye yeqembu lama-echinoderm, okuyizinhlobo ze-benthic (zihlala phansi olwandle), zihamba ngokukhasa ngesivinini esiphansi futhi zinezinqubo zokuzivikela ezisekelwe ekusebenziseni umzimba wazo noma ukugwema ezinye.

ama-anemones olwandle ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezingenamgogodla zasolwandle ezinamathela kuma-substrates futhi zisebenzisa amatende nemicu yazo. ukubamba ukudla, zingadideka nolwelwe noma izitshalo zasolwandle, kodwa empeleni ziyizinhlobo eziphilayo ezizalana kanje.

Isibonelo esicacile salesi silwane esingenamgogodla utamatisi wasolwandle noma i-horse kiwi, i-anemone yolwandle noma i-hermit anemone. Ama-crustaceans amelela izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezibaluleke kakhulu emakethe, okuhlanganisa ama-prawns, ama-prawns, ama-lobster, ama-lobster, njll.

Zibonakala ngomzimba wazo ontekenteke ombozwe igobolondo ukuwuvikela, ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi zazo zinezikhonkwane noma izinsimbi zokuziphakela, kanye nezimpondo zokuziqondisa. Ukunyakaza kwakhe ikakhulukazi ukuhamba emhlabathini noma emadwaleni.

Izikelemu zasolwandle, njenge-spirograph, i-Bispira Volutacornis noma i-Gusano Tubicula ne-Serpula Vermicularis, zinegobolondo elivikela umzimba wazo futhi zibamba ukudla ngemicu enwebeka njengezihlahla zesundu.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezilwane zasoLwandle iMedithera nezici zazo.


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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.