Ngaphakathi ukudla web Sithola izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto ngokuya ngemisebenzi isilwane ngasinye esinayo. Sinamazinga ahlukene wewebhu yokudla kusuka kubakhiqizi bokuqala, ngokusebenzisa abathengi bokuqala, abasesekondari nabaphezulu, kuya ku- izilwane ezibolayo. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalezi zilwane ezithathwa njengezinto eziphilayo ezinesibopho sokusebenzisa imfucuza yezinye izidalwa eziphilayo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokubola kwezilwane nendima yazo nokubaluleka kwayo kuwebhu yokudla.
Ibhalansi yemvelo
Kufanele wazi ukuthi imvelo ilawulwa ngumgomo wokulinganisela kwemvelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi udaba namandla kungukushintshana okuqhubekayo nebhalansi engu-0. Lokhu kusho ukuthi into efanayo edliwayo iyadalwa naleyo engaguqulwa ibe olunye uhlobo lwamandla. Ngakho-ke, Izilwane ezibolayo zibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekuvaleni umbuthano ofakwa yileli bhalansi yemvelo. Izilwane ezibolayo zitholakala ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Banomsebenzi wokuphinda basebenzise isikhutha lapho izitshalo zizobe sezizisebenzisela i-photosynthesis.
Le yindlela abasizakala ngayo ngemfucuza yezinye izinto eziphilayo ukugcina ukulingana kwemvelo emvelweni. Inqubo iqala lapho kufa isilwane noma isitshalo. Kancane kancane, izilwane eziwohlokayo eziqala ukubonakala ziqala ukubonakala ezinesibopho sokudla okusele kwezinto eziphilayo noma eziphilayo. Kamuva, ngemuva kwalesi siphuzo, izinto ezingaphili zihlala zikhona.
Ngokuphikisana nalokho okuvame ukucatshangwa, yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ochungechungeni lokudla. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, bayizilwane eziphethe ukuqeda umjikelezo ngokuqala umjikelezo omusha futhi. Iyona eqeda ubukhona bezinto eziphilayo zomuntu ophilayo futhi yiyo enikeza ngezinto ezintsha eziphilayo zezitshalo ukuqala umjikelezo futhi nge-photosynthesis.
Siyazi ukuthi izilwane ezibolayo zenza imisebenzi ephikisayo kulezo ezenziwa yizilwane ezingumkhiqizi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, bayaphelelisana ukwenza umsebenzi obalulekile emvelweni.
Umsebenzi wezilwane ezibolayo
Phakathi kwemisebenzi emikhulu abanayo kulezi zinhlelo zemvelo ukukhipha imikhiqizo eyahlukene. Le mikhiqizo isetshenziswa yizilwane ezingumkhiqizi futhi iyazisiza ukuthi zishintshe noma iyiphi inqwaba yezinto ezingaphili. Lesi sigaxa esingajwayelekile sithathelwa indawo ngukwenza sibe semvelo. Lapho sibheka nxazonke zethu nsuku zonke, singabona izilwane ezahlukahlukene ezibolayo ngaphandle kokwazi ngomsebenzi wazo nendima yazo.
Imvamisa, izilwane ezibolayo zehlukaniswa ngamaqembu ama-4: izinambuzane, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta kanye nezinambuzane. Uma sikhuluma ngendawo yemvelo efana nehlathi, lapho sizwa igama elithi ukubola kwesilwane, imvamisa sicabanga ngabadla izidleke. Lezi zilwane nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuwohlokeni kwezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo ku-ecosystem. Kodwa-ke, bonke badlala eyabo indima ukuze i-ecosystem iqhubeke ngokulingana kwemvelo. Ake sibheke ezinye izibonelo zezilwane zasekhaya ezibolayo.
Izilwane ezibolayo zasekhaya
- Izimpukane: Lezi zinambuzane ezincane zidla izilwane ezifile. Bayingxenye yochungechunge lokudla ngoba basebenza njengokudla kwezinye izilwane njengezinyoni namagundane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuguqula udoti ube yinto ephilayo.
- Izicabucabu: zingesinye sezilwane ezibola ezibaluleke kakhulu kumjikelezo webhayoloji. Yibo abadla izinambuzane eziningi futhi basize ukulawula inani labantu abakhona emvelweni.
- Amabhungane: Ngokuya ngohlobo lwebhungane esibhekene nalo, lingadla amaqabunga, izimbali, izithelo, imbewu nezinye izinambuzane. Bondla nezimpande ezibolayo nokudla, isikhunta, phakathi kwabanye. Konke lokhu kuncike enanini lokudla okusendaweni ohlala kuyo.
- Omiyane: cishe akekho umuntu obona ukusetshenziswa komiyane ngoba kuyacasula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Kodwa-ke, omiyane banomsebenzi futhi lokho kuzosebenza njengokudla kwezinye izinambuzane. Idla izithelo nemifino futhi izinambuzane eziningi zichitha impilo yazo yonke ngaphandle kokuphazamisa abantu. Inkinga iba lapho bengena ezindaweni zemvelo ezisemadolobheni.
- Izimpukane eziluhlaza: Yibo labo ababhekele ukushwabadela indle yemigwaqo, ukudla, izilwane nezitshalo ekubolile.
- Izintuthwane: izintuthwane eziningi zisebenza njengokudla kwezinye izilwane. Isibonelo, kukhona ikomkhulu lesikhunta elibhekele izintuthwane ezinegciwane ukuze zife. Isikhunta siveza isidumbu sakho kanye nesizwe se-sporocarp. Izinyoni ezihlukile zenza iphutha emzimbeni wezintuthwane obomvu njengezithelo bese ziyazidla. Omunye umsebenzi wezintuthwane ukuthwala udoti usuke kwezinye izinyoni uye kwezinye izilwane ukuze uzidle.
Ukubola kwemvelo
Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinto zokubola ezitholakala ezindaweni zemvelo:
- Amanqe: Kuya ngokuthi hlobo luni lwenqe esikhuluma ngalo, imvamisa ukudla kwabo kuyahlukahluka. Iningi lazo lidla izibilini nenyama yezinye izilwane ezifile. Basinda ngenxa yamathambo nezidumbu ezitholwe endleleni.
- Amagwababa: Yilabo ababhekele ukushwabadela imfucumfucu yokudla engasekho eyomuntu. Ziphinde zondle ngendle yezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane.
- Iminyovu: esinye sezinambuzane okungekho muntu obonayo ukuthi sisetshenziswa ku-ecosystem. Idla umpe wezimbali futhi esigabeni sokuqala idla izibungu. Impilo yakhe yonke uphethe ukubamba izinambuzane, izithelo eziwile kanye nesidumbu. Lezi zilwane ngokuvamile azihluphi abantu.
- Amabhubesi: amabhubesi athathwa njengabathengi abakhulu kunabo bonke bokudla kwewebhu, yize nawo ehlukaniswa njengabahlanzayo. Abaphethe kuphela ekubambeni inyamazane ephilayo, kepha futhi badla izinsalela zezidumbu nemfucuza.
- Isikhunta Samanzi: Luhlobo lwefungus olubhekele ukuqeda zonke izitshalo ezisesimweni sokubola.
- Amagciwane e-Azotobacter: Idla izimpande zezitshalo.
- Ama-bacterial Pseudomonas: yilawo mabhaktheriya anesibopho sokudla izimbali nezilwane ezifile futhi ezisesimweni sokubola. Banesenzo sokuzihlanza futhi babekwe ezingeni eliphakeme lokubaluleka kuwebhu yokudla. Lawa mabhaktheriya ngokuvamile awajabulisi kubantu, kepha anesibopho sokugcina ibhalansi yemvelo. Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi kunesibopho sokubola kwezinto eziphilayo, kodwa futhi kubhekele nezitshalo ezondlayo.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izilwane ezibolayo zidlala indima ebalulekile emvelweni. Iplanethi engenazo lezi zilwane ibingagcwala izidumbu, imfucuza nezinambuzane ezifile. Konke lokhu bekungaletha izifo eziningi kuzo zombili izilwane kanye nabantu.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokubola kwezilwane nokubaluleka kwazo.