Izihlambi ze-Meteor zaziwa njengemiphumela ekhanyayo eyenzeka lapho izinhlayiya zesimiso sonozungezilanga zishaya emkhathini woMhlaba. Imizila yokukhanya ebonakalayo imizuzwana emi-3 kuya kwemi-5 esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku ibangelwa i-ionization yamagesi asemkhathini kanye nokushisa okungqubuzanayo phakathi kwawo nezinhlayiyana. Abantu abaningi abazi kahle yini i-meteor shower nokuthi kwakheka kanjani.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela ukuthi yini i-meteor shower, yiziphi izici zayo kanye nokubaluleka kwayo.
yini i-meteor shower
Njengokwakhiwa kwanoma yisiphi isakhiwo somuntu, ukwakheka kwesimiso sonozungezilanga esisele kusengaphansi kwethonya lamandla adonsela phansi anamandla. Futhi lokho akubandakanyi wonke amavidiyo athwetshuliwe kusukela lapho. Eduze nesimiso sonozungezilanga, ngale kwemingcele yePluto, ahlalwa yizindikimba zasezulwini ezifana nenkanyezi enomsila nama-asteroids.
Lapho enye yalezi zinhlelo iseduze nelanga, cishe njalo inkanyezi enomsila yezikhathi ezithile, ukusebenzisana kwamandla adonsela phansi kuba namandla kangangokuthi enye isisindo sayo siyalahleka, kushiye umkhondo wezinto ezizungezayo. Izinhlayiya ezisele zihluka ngosayizi ukusuka ezinhlayiyeni ezincane kuya kwezinkulu zento, ake sithi, cishe amakhilomitha ayi-100 ngosayizi, okuthiwa ama-meteoroid. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho uMhlaba usondela futhi unqamula imigudu yenkanyezi enomsila, amathuba okuyithola ayakhula.
Ama-meteorite angena emkhathini woMhlaba ngesivinini esikhulu, ehlala engqubuzana nama-athomu nama-molecule endleleni yawo futhi eyeka amandla awo e-kinetic. Enye ingxenye ibangela ukushisisa kwe-meteoroid ngokwayo.
Ekuphakameni kwe cishe amakhilomitha ayi-100, i-ionization yomkhathi ishiya umzila omfushane okhanyayo, lokho esikubheka ngokuthi "inkanyezi yokudubula" noma "i-meteor shower". Ukushisa cishe njalo kubangela ukuhwamuka okuphelele komzimba, kodwa uma kukhulu kakhulu, ingxenye eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, i-fireball noma i-fireball, ikwazi ukushaya phansi.
Imfucumfucu yenkanyezi enomsila ingumthombo cishe wawo wonke ama-meteor shower aziwayo. Okuhlukile yi-Geminid meteor shower, ishawa esele ngemuva kokuhlukana kwe-asteroid 3200 Phaeton.
Izihlambi ezinkulu ze-meteor nezici zazo
Izihlambi ze-Meteor zingabonakala ngezikhathi ezithile kunoma ibuphi ubusuku obunikeziwe ngenxa yokuthi indawo okuzungeza kuyo uMhlaba igcwele izinhlayiya ezindleleni zazo ezingacishe zifane.
Izihlambi ze-meteor ezimangalisa kakhulu zenzeka phakathi nonyaka lapho Umhlaba udlula emzileni wenkanyezi enomsila ephukile, futhi izinkanyezi eziningi zibonwa zilandela indlela ehlangana endaweni ethile esibhakabhakeni: okukhazimulayo. Lona umphumela wokubuka.
Ngokungeziwe ekukhazimuleni, izihlambi ze-meteor nazo zibonakala ngezinga lenkanyezi elibonakalayo njalo ngehora, noma izinga lehora le-zenith (THZ), elingahluka kuye ngendawo yendawo yomuntu obukele nezinye izici, njengokukhanya kwe-ambient. Kunezinhlelo ku-inthanethi ezingabala inani lazo. Ekugcineni, kukhona ukusatshalaliswa kobukhulu obubonwa emvuleni, okwaziwa ngokuthi inkomba yabantu.
Phakathi kwezihlambi zezinkanyezi ezinemigudu echazwe kahle kukhona amaPerseid, Iqanjwe kanjalo ngenxa yokuthi ukukhazimula kwayo kungumlaza iPerseus futhi ibonakala ekuqaleni kuka-August.
Enye imvula ye-meteor ekhangayo kakhulu iLeonids, ebonakala ngoNovemba futhi ikhanya emlaza weLeo. Isamba, kunamaqoqo angaba ngu-50 aqanjwe ngomlaza lapho kutholakala khona inkanyezi eseduze nekhanya kakhulu noma okukhazimulayo.
Izihlambi ezinkulu ze-meteor yilezo ezinenani eliphezulu lama-meteor/ihora, futhi zinqamula isibhakabhaka sasebusuku unyaka nonyaka, zivela njalo amakhulu eminyaka. Ngezansi kunohlu lwezinsuku ezilindelwe, kanye nomhlahlandlela wokuzijabulela kangcono esikhathini esizayo.
Izihlambi ezinkulu ze-meteor nezikhathi zazo zokubuka
Izihlambi ezinkulu kakhulu zihlala izinsuku noma amasonto njengoba iplanethi ihamba, kuyilapho ama-meteor amakhulu ngehora enzeka ngosuku oluthile noma ezimbili kakhulu. Nakuba lokhu kuwumkhawulo ngokunganaki, uma isibalo inkulu kune-10 meteor/ihora, ithathwa njengemvula enkulu ye-meteor.
Ezinye izimvula zihlala zinamandla afanayo, kanti ezinye ziya ngokuya ziba namandla, njengamaLeonids njalo eminyakeni engama-33, ngisho nokufinyelela esigabeni sama-starbursts ngenani lama-meteor angu-1000 noma ngaphezulu ngehora. Izihlambi eziningi ze-meteor zibonakala ngokucacile kuwo womabili ama-hemispheres, nakuba ezinye zingabonakala kangcono komunye noma kwenye, kuye ngemisebe.
Izimvula ezibonakala kangcono endaweni esenyakatho nenkabazwe
- Ama-Perseids (Perseus, Julayi 16 kuya ku-Agasti 24, isiqongo Agasti 11 kuya ku-13, 50 kuya ku-100 meteor ngehora, evela kuComet Swift-Tuttle).
- Leonidas (Leo, November 15-21, esiphezulu November 17-18, umsuka walo inkanyezi enomsila Temple-Tuttle, inani lezinkanyezi ngehora liyahlukahluka, ngokuvamile phakathi 10 kanye 15. 1833, 1866 kanye 1966 ne umkhawulo izinkulungwane ezimbalwa emkhathini. ngomzuzu).
- Ama-Quadrantids (Umlaza we-Boero, ekupheleni kukaDisemba kuya evikini lokuqala likaJanuwari, umkhawulo kusukela ngoJanuwari 3 kuya ku-4, ama-meteor angaphezu kuka-100 ngehora, umthombo akuqinisekile)
- ILyra (I-Lyra, imvula ye-meteor emaphakathi ibonakala kusukela ngo-Ephreli 16 kuya ku-25, ama-meteors angu-10-20 ngehora, ivela ku-Comet Thatcher 1861).
- Ishawa ye-Orionid meteor (I-Orion, Okthoba, isilinganiso esiphezulu cishe ngo-Okthoba 21, ama-meteors angu-10-20 ngehora, ashiywe yinkanyezi enomsila kaHalley).
- AmaGeminids(I-Gemini, ubukhulu buka-December 13-14, 100-120 meteor/ihora, idalwe i-asteroid 3200 Phaeton).
- Ama-Draconids (umlaza wamadragoni, ahlangabezana nobuningi phakathi kuka-Okthoba 8 no-9, ama-meteor/ihora angaphezu kuka-10, inkanyezi enomsila i-Giacobinie-Zinner).
- I-Taurus (I-Taurus, iTaurus eseningizimu ye-Comet Encke kulindeleke ukuthi ibe nenani eliphakeme cishe ngoNovemba 11 kanye nenyakatho yeTaurus cishe ngoNovemba 13-14.)
Izimvula ezibonakala kangcono endaweni eseningizimu nenkabazwe
Amanye ama-meteor shower, njengama-Perseids nama-Orionids, angabonakala esibhakabhakeni esiseningizimu, nakuba kuthe ukuqhubekela phambili kancane emkhathizwe, kudingeka indawo eseceleni enesibhakabhaka esicacile. Okulandelayo kungabonakala phezulu eningizimu nenkabazwe, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika zikaJulayi, Agasti, noSepthemba:
- Eta Aquarids (I-Aquarius, ibonakala ngo-April-May, umkhawulo kaMeyi 5-6, ngaphezu kwama-meteors angu-20 ngehora, ehlotshaniswa ne-Halley's Comet).
- I-Delta Aquarids (U-Aquarius, kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJulayi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti, umkhawulo cishe ngoJulayi 29-30, ama-meteor angaphezu kwe-10 ngehora, ahlotshaniswa nenkanyezi enomsila 96p Machholz 1).
- I-Alpha Capricornids (Ama-Capricornids, aphezulu phakathi kukaJulayi 27 kanye no-28, umthombo ongaqinisekile)
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi i-meteor shower iyini nokuthi yiziphi izici zayo.