Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule imibhalo emibili ye ukubaluleka okukhulu ku-panorama yamandla avuselelekayo eSpain.
Lesi yisifundo esenziwe yi Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Ngezamandla, I-Environmental and Technological (CIEMAT) enesihloko esithi "Ukuhlaziywa kwesimo samandla avuselelekayo eSpain 2016. Amathemba wango-2020"; kanti omunye ngumbiko iRed Eléctrica de España (REE) ewulungisile futhi yawushicilela osihloko sithi "Amandla avuselelekayo ohlelweni lukagesi lwaseSpain 2016".
Amandla okuhloswe eSpain naseYurophu
Njengamanje, kunezinhloso ezintathu maqondana namandla, okumele zicatshangelwe okwamanje: Izinga laseSpain nelaseYurophu ngo-2020 (okubizwa nge- "triple 20" noma "20-20-20"), yilezi:
- Ukwehla kokukhishwa kwe- amagesi abamba ukushisa ngama-20% kusuka emazingeni we-1990.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwama-20% we amandla avuselelekayo.
- Ukwanda okungu-20% ku- ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.
Kufanele kungezwe ukuthi vele ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba 2016 okuthiwa “Iphakheji yasebusika", Okwenyuse lezi zinhloso ngo-2030, kwafinyelela ekunciphiseni okungenani ama-40% ekukhishweni kwe- amagesi abamba ukushisa uma kuqhathaniswa nango-1990, khuphula isabelo samandla avuselelekayo ngaphezulu kwama-27% nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwamandla ngo-30%.
Izinhloso zangaphambilini zonyaka wezi-2030 zenziwe zaba ngomongo we Ukuzibophezela kwe-European Union ngokwesivumelwano saseParis esivele sigunyaziwe.
Ikusasa lamandla avuselelekayo
Embhalweni wokuqala, uyabona ukuthi unayo izigaba ezintathu kwehlukaniswe kakhulu.
Iphuzu lokuqala
Ibhekene nesimo samanje samandla avuselelekayo eSpain, ehlukanisa amandla ayisisekelo, amandla okugcina nokusetshenziswa kokugcina okuphelele. Ngo-2016 amandla avuselelekayo inikele nge-15,9% yamandla wokugcina asetshenzisiwe futhi cishe u-40% wesamba esiphelele sokuphehlwa kukagesi eSpain.
Iphuzu lesibili
Hlaziya amazinga ahlukene okuhambisana namaphuzu aqoqwe kufayela le- Uhlelo Lukazwelonke Lokusebenza Lamandla Avuselelekayo (PANER), kokubili emhlabeni nakwilowo nalowo ubuchwepheshe bamandla.
Iphuzu lesithathu
Kowesithathu nowokugcina, iqoqa izincomo ukuhlangabezana nezinjongo zonyaka wezi-2020, igqamise izinyathelo ze- ukukhuliswa kwama-biofuels kwezokuthutha, ukwanda koxhaso lwe-biomass ye-thermal, solar kanye ne-geothermal biomass. Ngokuhlelela ugesi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlela kahle izindali eseziqalile nalezo ezizofika.
Amandla avuselelekayo eSpain
Mayelana nombhalo wesibili ophawulwe ekuqaleni kwendatshana, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-REE ibophezelekile ukwenza lokhu kuhlaziywa, inikezwe indima yayo njengomqhubi wohlelo lukazwelonke lukazwelonke nokwenza ukuhlanganiswa amandla avuselelekayo ngokufanayo.
Lo mbhalo usuvele obala ngenxa yokuba khona kweRenewable Energy Control Center (CECRE). Lolu uhlelo lokuqala lwalo mbiko olunikeza ukubuka konke okuhlukile amandla avuselelekayo ngonyaka we-2016, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo nezinhloso zabo zango-2020.
Lokhu kuqukethe izahluko ezi-5, esokuqala esifingqa ifayela le- ezine ezilandelayoLokhu kunikezelwe kumandla omoya, amanzi, ilanga, nomhlaba nolwandle ngokulandelana.
Kungagqanyiswa ukuthi umoya namandla elanga yiwona aqhube ukukhula kwamandla avuselelekayo eSpain e iminyaka eyishumi edlule (cishe i-70% yengqikithi), okudale ukwehla okukhulu kokukhishwa kwe- amagesi abamba ukushisa (okungaphezulu kancane kuka-43% wokukhishwa kuqhathaniswa no-2007).
Ngemiphakathi Ezimele, labo abanokusetshenziswa okuvuseleleka okukhulu kakhulu yiCastilla y León, iGalicia, i-Andalusia neCastilla La Mancha, cishe ne 62% wamandla kazwelonke. Kulawa, kuseCastilla y León lapho cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zamandla okuphehla ngokuphelele zinemvelaphi evuselelekayo, edlula kabanzi inhloso yango-2020.
Okucacayo ngalezi zincwadi ezimbili ukubaluleka kwe amandla avuselelekayo ku-energy energy landscape, kanye nobukhona obubalulekile nokwenyuka okucacile abazobe bekutholile ekuzibophezeleni kwamazwe omhlaba ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.