Ukuma komoya kuhlala isikhathi eside oneminyaka emine ubudala eCatalonia. Selokhu kwavulwa ipulazi lomoya iSerra de Vilobí II ngoJanuwari 2013, esifundeni iLes Garrigues, awukho amandla kagesi amasha we-megawatt asesetshenzisiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphrojekthi yomoya esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu yokusebenzisa amandla omoya yiyona ekhuthazayo Igesi Yemvelo Fenosa eTerra Alta, osekuyisikhathi. Iphrojekthi yanikezwa yiGeneralitat ngo-Okthoba 2010; ngakho-ke, cishe iminyaka eyisikhombisa, futhi iphrojekthi ayikaveli obala.
Ngeshwa, uma ijubane lokwakhiwa kwamandla ahlanzekile eCatalonia ligcinwa kule migomo, kuzoba nzima ukuhlangabezana nezinhloso ezibekiwe Isivumelwano Sikazwelonke Sokuguqulwa Kwamandla eCatalonia. Kulesi Sivumelwano Sikazwelonke kutholakala ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2050, u-100% wamandla okugcina eCatalonia uzoba ngomsuka ovuselelekayo nokuthi ngo-2030 u-50% kagesi uzovela emithonjeni ehlanzekile.
Njengoba zibhekene nombono ongathandeki (ngenxa yegebe phakathi kweqiniso nalokho okuhleliwe), izinhlangano zamabhizinisi ezixhumene namandla avuselelekayo eCatalonia (i-APPA, i-EolicCat, iPimec, i-Unef ...) zizwakalise ama-alamu azo. Zonke zixwayisa ngale ndlela ngeke kwenzeke ukufeza izinhloso okuvunyelwene ngazo. Ngazo zonke lezi zizathu, bazise iCatalan Administration kanye nawo wonke amabutho ezepolitiki isidingo sokuvumela uhlelo olubambekayo lokusheshisa ukuqaliswa kwamandla avuselelekayo.
Izinhloso eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ezingenakwenzeka?
Isimo samanje eCatalonia sibonakala ngokuncika emthonjeni wamandla enuzi kuhlelo lokukhiqiza ugesi (ngaphezu kwama-54% avela kwizikhungo zamandla e-athomu, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-18% evela emithonjeni evuselelekayo, ngokusho kwedatha ka-2015), futhi ejoyina ukukhula ifunwa ngu-0,7% ngonyaka.
Ingabe isimo singaguqulwa?
Uma izinjongo ezingama-2030 zizofinyelelwa (leyo njongo ka-50% kagesi ovela emithonjeni evuselelekayo), kusukela ngonyaka wezi-2019, ama-300 MW wesizukulwane esisha somoya kanye namanye ama-300 MW esizukulwane esisha kufanele asetshenziswe minyaka yonke. isizukulwane se-photovoltaic. Sekukonke, i-3.600 MW yamandla omoya nenye i-3.700 photovoltaic.
Ngale ndlela, okuvuselelekayo kungafinyelela ku-50% wesidingo (okusele kuzovela igesi yemvelo ishiswe ezitshalweni zomjikelezo ezihlangene, izindawo zokuzibandakanya embonini kanye nogesi ophendulayo owodwa osebenzayo).
Imithethonqubo emisha
Ngokusho komphathi we-EolicCat: ukufeza lezi zinhloso ekuvuseleleni kuzodingeka ukwethula izinguquko emithethweni yezomthetho kanye shintsha imephu yomoya yeCatalonia (lapho kusungulwa amaphuzu endawo lapho lo mthombo ungasetshenziswa khona), ukuze izindawo manje ezingahambelani nokwenziwa kwamapulazi omoya, ziphinde zilinganiswe ukusingatha lo mthombo ohlanzekile uma kungenzeka.
Izinhlangano zamabhizinisi zengeza ukuthi uhlelo olukhona manje kufanele luguqulwe ukuze luthuthukise amapulazi amasha omoya, ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuba khona kwezikhungo ezingaphezu kuka-10 MW. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyacelwa ukuthi ushintshe inqubo, ngoba manje kungenzeka ukuthi ubakhuthaze ngezindali lapho abaphathi babanikeza khona kumthengi ophakeme kunabo bonke, ngaphezu kokuvula ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kwenziwe nge "ukukhuthazwa kwamahhala".
Awekho amaprimiyamu
Isitobha samandla omoya eCatalonia senzekile ngoba amaphrojekthi amasha asephelile inenzuzo enkulu lapho uHulumeni esusa amaprimiyamu ngonyaka ka-2012 babenezikhungo ezintsha zamandla ahlanzekile. Umphumela ube ukuthi lonke isu leGeneralitat lokuqalisa ukusebenza kwamapulazi omoya amasha lafika emaphethelweni.
UHulumeni uhlele ukudala izindawo eziyisikhombisa ezinkulu zokuthuthukiswa komoya (ZDP) isatshalaliswa kuyo yonke iCatalonia (769 MW kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okungama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-1200), kepha konke lokho kusalokhu kuyincwadi efile.
Kuma-ZPD ayisithupha, abakhokhi bezicelo abaphumelele bahambise ukusula kwabo, kusukela ezimeni ezintsha zomkhakha, ngaphandle kweholo lamandla omoya angaphezu kwenani lemakethe, wenza amaphrojekthi akhe angalawuleki. Ngakho-ke, yindawo yokuqalisa ukusebenza kweTerra Alta kuphela “esaphila” - eVilalba dels Arcs, La Pobla de Massaluca naseBatea, ezihlanganisa kuze kufike ku-90 MW-, enikezwe iGesi Natural Renovables-Alstom Wind. Le phrojekthi, noma kunjalo, iqoqa ukubambezeleka okude.
Ngokuya ngeGesi Natural, ayazi lutho ngokubambezeleka, ngoba bahambise yonke imibhalo edingekayo.
Okuhleliwe akukaze kufezeke
Ama-Renewables abanga ngaphezulu nje kwe-2015% yamandla esewonke akhiqizwe eCatalonia ngo-8. Futhi ekusetshenzisweni kukagesi, i-1.268 MW yamandla omoya ifakiwe; I-267.345 MW kanye ne-24 MW yamandla kagesi elanga, phakathi kwemithombo evuselelekayo. Abaphathi beCatalan bayavuma ukuthi izinga lokuhambisana nokuhlelwa kwamanje eCatalonia (i-Plan d'Energia i Canvi Climàtic 2012-20120) "liphansi kakhulu", elikubeka eqinisweni lokuthi "ukuvunywa kwalo kuhambisane noshintsho lokulawula ukuthi kumise ukwakhiwa kwamandla avuselelekayo eCatalonia nakuwo wonke uMbuso ”.
Kudingeka uhlaka olusha lwezomthetho
Ngokusho kwezinhlangano zamandla avuselelekayo “Ngaphezu kokuhlela okusha, okudingekayo uhlaka lokulawula nolwezomnotho oluthi ungakhawuleli futhi unqande ngokuqalisa kwamandla avuselelekayo (kunamandla angaphezu kuka-1.000 XNUMX MW wamandla omoya agunyaziwe futhi angafakiwe), kanye nesivumelwano senhlalo nesendawo esivumela ukufakwa kwabo endaweni ”.
“Engxenyeni yezomthetho, iGeneralitat isebenza ukuklama uhlaka olusha lokulawula olushesha kakhulu nokuthi siza ukukhuthaza amandla avuselelekayo. Mayelana nesivumelwano senhlalo nesendawo, iNational Pact uhlaka lokuqala ukuphikisana nokuklama amathuluzi wokuxazulula isibalo esicabanga ukuthi ukufakwa okuvuselelekayo kudinga indawo enkulu yokuhlala ezindaweni ezithile zensimu ”.