Yize sihlanganisa umqondo wokubamba nokusebenzisa amandla avela elangeni ngamapaneli elanga, isintu siye sawusebenzisa lo mthombo wamandla kusukela lapho eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule ukukhanyisa nokushisa ikhaya lakho, thola amanzi ashisayo upheke. Ngokuqondene nomoya, izigayo zamanje zingukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwalabo asebeveziwe kuDon Quixote Cervantes.
Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe iguqule amandla elanga nomoya, phakathi kokunye, kwaba okuthile iya ngokuya isebenza kahle futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kepha kusasele indlela ende okufanele siyenze ngaphambi kokuthi sikhohlwe unomphela ngamafutha ezimbiwa futhi sisebenzise kuphela amandla ahlukile. Amakhulu amaqembu abacwaningi nonjiniyela emhlabeni wonke asebenzela ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwala mandla, futhi lena ngeminye yemibono yabo.
1. AmaPerovskites
Amaseli elanga anamuhla asuselwa ku-silicon ahlupheka ngokulinganiselwa okuthile: enziwe ngento engavamile itholakala endalweni ngendlela emsulwa futhi edingekayo ukuyenza, zinzima futhi zinzima, futhi ukusebenza kwazo ngokulinganiselwe kunqunyelwe futhi kunzima ukukala. Izinto ezintsha, ezibizwa ngama-perovskites, kuhlongozwa ukuxazululwa le mikhawulo ngoba incike ezintweni eziningi futhi ezishibhile njengoba zinamandla okufeza ukusebenza kahle okukhulu.
AmaPerovskites ayi isigaba esibanzi sezinto zokwakha lapho ama-molecule we-organic akhiwa kakhulu ngamabhondi wekhabhoni ne-hydrogen ngensimbi, njenge-lead, ne-halogen, njenge-chlorine, kukristalu omise okwe-lattice. Zingatholwa nge- lula kalula, ngentengo ephansi nangaphandle kokukhishwa, okuholela efilimini elincanyana futhi elikhanyayo elingashintshwa lifakwe kunoma isiphi isimo, esingavumela ukukhiqizwa kwamapaneli elanga ngendlela elula, ephumelelayo nange imiphumela eguqukayo futhi kulula ukuyifaka.
Kodwa-ke, banezithiyo ezimbili: eyokuqala ukuthi kungenzeka ukuzihlanganisa nabo ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi akukaze kufakazelwe; enye, ukuthi bathambekele yehla ngokushesha okukhulu ezimeni zangempela.
2.Uyinki we-Photovoltaic
Ukuxazulula lezi zingqinamba zama-perovskites, iqembu elivela e-US National Renewable Energy Laboratory lisungule indlela entsha elizobhekana ngayo. Imayelana nokwenza 'inki ye-photovoltaic evumela ukuthi babe ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ezizenzakalelayo.
Lolu phenyo luqale ngo i-pervoskite elula kakhulu eyenziwe nge-iodine, lead kanye ne-methylammonium. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, le ngxube ibingakha amakristalu kalula, kepha kungathatha isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa aphakeme ukuqinisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okungabambezela nokwenza inqubo yokukhiqiza ibize kakhulu. Ngakho-ke iqembu lalifuna izimo ezazizosheshisa ukwakheka kwekristalu, okwakuhilela ukufaka okunye kwalokhu kufakwa kwamanye amakhemikhali, njenge-chlorine, nokungeza lokho abakubiza ngokuthi "i-solvent engemihle," into ezoxazulula isisombululo ngokushesha.
3. Imishini ephendulwa kabili yomoya
Ngokusho konjiniyela u-Anupam Sharma noHui Hu, we-Iowa Energy Center, isisekelo sophehla ugesi sinezinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu ezinciphisa ukusebenza kwazo kahle: eyodwa, ukuthi ziyizingcezu ezinkulu eziyindilinga ezingazenzi amandla ngokwazo, kanti eyesibili, ukuthi zibangela a ukuphazamiseka emoyeni okubuye kunciphise amandla kwanoma iyiphi i-generator etholakala ngemuva kwabo phakathi kuka-8 no-40% kuye ngezimo.
Isixazululo sakho sithi engeza i-rotor yesibili, incane, kumshini ngamunye ophendulwa ngamanzi. Ngokuya ngokulinganisa kwabo kanye nokuhlolwa okwenziwe emihubheni yomoya, ama-blade angeziwe akhulisa amandla akhiqizwa kufika ku-18%. Icebo lokwenza i-turbine nge Rotor kabili esebenza kahle ngangokunokwenzeka, Ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi indawo engcono yokubeka eyesibili, ukuthi kufanele ibe nkulu kangakanani, isisekelo sayo kufanele sibe siphi isimo futhi uma kufanele ijikeleze ngendlela efanayo ne-Rotor main, noma okuphambene nalokho.
4. Amapaneli welanga antantayo
Kusukela ngo-2011 inkampani yaseFrance iCiel & Terre ibisebenza ukudala amaphaneli amakhulu elanga antantayo. Uhlelo lwayo, olubizwa nge-Hydrelio Floating PV luyavuma amaphaneli ajwayelekile elanga afakwa ngaphezulu kwamanzi amakhulu njengamachibi, amadamu neziteshi zamanzi zokunisela nokunye okunjalo, kanye namadamu okukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi we-photovoltaic. Imayelana nokwakha enye indlela elula futhi engabizi kakhulu emapaki elanga asemhlabeni, ikakhulukazi ngokucabanga ngezimboni ezisebenzisa izindawo ezinkulu zamanzi nokuthi akudingeki bayeke ukubanikeza ukusetshenziswa okuningi.
Ngokusho kwenkampani, kulula ukuyihlanganisa nokuyiqaqa, ingashintshelwa ekulungisweni kukagesi okuhlukile, iyasabazeka futhi ayidingi imishini esindayo noma amathuluzi. Izakhiwo zokuqala zalolu hlobo zakhiwe e-United Kingdom naseJapan.