Ezweni lapho amanzi ahlanzekile eba umthombo oyindlala ngokushesha, iconsi ngalinye libalulekile, ikakhulukazi ngesomiso esikhona manje kanye nemvula ngendlela yezikhukhula, okuvimbela amanzi emvula ukuthi agcinwe ngendlela efanele. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko ngizobonisa ezinye izindlela zokonga amanzi ekhaya futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wehlise umthethosivivinywa wesici soketshezi esivame ukumoshwa ngaphandle kokucabanga ukuthi ngelinye ilanga singalahleka noma sibize kakhulu.
Ngeke nje kuzuze umnotho womndeni wakho, kuzophinde kuzuze wonke umuntu, kusukela Ngale ndlela sizoba nawo amaningi alo mthombo wamanzi Kubaluleke kangakanani empilweni, kwezolimo, kwezilwane, ezitshalweni, kukho konke ngamafuphi...
Isomiso: Inkinga yamanzi “akhiqiziwe”
Ngaphambi kokuthi siqale, yisho lokho asikho isidingo sokwethusa umphakathi. Le nsiza kufanele isetshenziswe kahle, kodwa ingasabisi noma imemezele ngendlela eyingozi njengoba kwenza imithombo yezindaba eminingi. Isizathu? Siphila eMhlabeni, hhayi kuMars, hhayi kuVenus, hhayi kunoma iyiphi enye iplanethi. Yiplanethi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ye-Solar System, futhi u-75% ungamanzi, futhi lokhu kuvame ukunganakwa ukuze kugxile kuphela ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi. Ngakho-ke, kungenziwa izinto ukuvimbela abantu ukuthi bangabulawa ukoma, noma ekunciphiseni le nsiza.
Uma kunenkinga ngokunikezwa kwamanzi, akubangelwa ukuntuleka kwawo, kodwa kalula ngenxa yokuntula ukubona kusengaphambili noma ukungenzi lutho kosopolitiki… Yingakho ngithi kuyinkinga “eyakhiqiziwe”, njengoba ithuthukiswe ukuntuleka kwengqalasizinda kanye nezindlela zokukwazi ukugcina noma ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi lapho edingeka khona. Sekuvele kukhulunywa nge-decertization yaseningizimu yeYurophu, nokho, khumbula ukuthi kunezindawo eseziyizingwadule zeqiniso isikhathi eside, njengezindawo ezithile zase-Australia, futhi zinamanzi, kufanele sibheke lezo zindlela ezihlukile zazo. .
Izindawo zokulondoloza amanzi amasha emhlabeni
I-Las izinqolobane zamanzi zeplanethi Zingaba zemvelo, njengemifula, amachibi, amaxhaphozi, izinguzunga zeqhwa, izinguzunga zeqhwa, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma ama-aquifers, namashidi eqhwa, noma zingaba zokwenziwa, ezakhiwe ngumuntu, njengamadamu, amadamu, njll. Noma ngabe kunjalo, omunye wemithombo eyinhloko yamanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni imifula, amachibi kanye nezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba, lapho amanzi okuphuza ngokuvamile atholakala khona ukuze asetshenziswe abantu, kanye nezolimo, imfuyo nezimboni.
Noma kunjalo U-71% womhlaba umbozwe ngamanzi, u-2.5% kuphela wawo ungamanzi ahlanzekile. Kuleyo mali, u-0.5% utholakala ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye no-0.01% emifuleni nasemachibini. Nakuba amanzi esatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke, u-90% wemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile atholakalayo e-Antarctica. Futhi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1100 abanakho ukufinyelela okuqondile emithonjeni yamanzi ahlanzekile, ikakhulukazi e-Afrika.
Isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngomuntu ngamunye singahluka kuye ngezwe nezinye izici. Ngokusho kwakhe I-National Institute of Statistics (INE), eSpain, isilinganiso samanzi asetshenziswa ezindlini sasingamalitha angu-133 isakhamuzi ngasinye ngosuku. ngo-2020. Lokhu kulingana namalitha angaba ngu-48.545 noma ama-cubic metres angu-48,545 umuntu ngamunye ngonyaka.
Ngokuqondene ne ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuphelele kwaso sonke isintu, kunzima ukulinganisa ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwamaphethini okusetshenziswa emazweni ahlukene nasezifundeni. Nokho, kuyaziwa ukuthi isidingo samanzi okuphuza sikhuphuka ngo-64.000 billion cubic metres ngonyaka. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le nombolo ayihlanganisi ukusetshenziswa kwabantu okuqondile kuphela, kodwa futhi nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwezolimo nezimboni...
Isimo eSpain
La Isimo se-hydrographic saseSpain siyinkimbinkimbi futhi bekulokhu kubhekwe ngaso eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yezizathu eziningana, phakathi kwazo, isomiso esiye saba naso kulesi sikhathi esingokomlando, njengoba sasinjalo nakudala. Manje "ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu" sekuphenduke uhlobo lwekhadi lasendle layo yonke into, futhi osopolitiki bathi ngeke kube khona ukusweleka kwamanzi okusetshenziswa ngabantu, okungelona iqiniso, njengoba sibona ukuthi emiphakathini ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi eCatalonia nase-Andalusia, kukhona. kube nokusikeka kokunikezwayo.
Isomiso akuyona into eyenzekayo manje, kodwa kunalokho yinto eyenzeka izikhathi eziningi emlandweni. Ngokwesibonelo, eSpain, njengoba kukhona amarekhodi aziwayo, ezinye izikhathi zesomiso ezimbi kakhulu Babe:
- Isomiso sika-1749 - 1753: Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, iSpain yaba nesomiso esikhulu esathinta ingxenye enkulu yezwe. Imvula yayiyindlala, futhi izindawo zokugcina amanzi zehla kakhulu.
- Isomiso sika-1944 - 1946: kube nomthelela omubi. Amadamu ahlala eku-15%, kanti nezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba nazo zehla. Kube nokunqamuka kwamanzi kanye nemiphumela emibi emvelweni.
- Isomiso sika-1979 - 1983: Ekuqaleni kwawo-80, iSpain yabhekana nesinye isomiso esikhulu. I-Eastern Spain kwakuyisifunda esithinteke kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi.
- Isomiso sika-1991 - 1995: Amachibi abesezingeni eliphansi kakhulu (cishe u-15%). Izindawo ezigcina amanzi angaphansi komhlaba nazo zehla, futhi kwaba nokunqamuka kwamanzi kwezinye izindawo.
- Isomiso sika-2016 - 2017: Ekwindla ka-2017, kube nokushoda kwemvula kanye nokuncipha kwamanzi kumadamu.
Futhi, EYurophu, esinye sezikhathi zesomiso esiphawuleka kakhulu senzeka ngo-1540. Kusukela ngo-November 1539 kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezingu-11 ezilandelayo, ingxenye enkulu yeYurophu, kuhlanganise neSpain, yaba nesomiso esishubile esinamazinga okushisa ashisayo nemvula encane. Okusho ukuthi, ikhadi lasendle "ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu" belingavumelekile lapha...
Ukuqhubeka nendikimba yaseSpain, futhi mayelana nesimo samaxhaphozi, Amazinga e-reservoir ehle kakhulu kule minyaka eyi-10 edlule. Indawo yokulondoloza amanzi yaseSpain isezingeni eliphansi kwezinye izindawo zensimu, isimo saseCatalonia naseningizimu-mpumalanga sibucayi kakhulu. I-Andalusia nayo ithintekile impela, kodwa ingcono kakhulu kunalezo ezinye izindawo.
Ekugcineni, mayelana nokuncishiswa kwamanzi kwamanye amadolobha, ukuntuleka kwemvula kanye nesomiso iSpain esiye sabhekana nayo kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2021 kuphoqe omasipala abaningi emiphakathini eminingana ezimele ukuthi nciphisa ukutholakala kwamanzi ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwabantu, lokho osopolitiki abagcwele ukukuqinisekisa kuqinisekisiwe. Omasipala abaningi kudingeke ukuthi bahlinzekwe ngamaloli, ngakho isimo asisihle. Yebo, kucatshangelwa ukuthi i-Andalusia iyinsimu yezithelo yaseYurophu, ukuthembela okuphezulu kwezolimo emanzini nakho kubeka lo mkhakha engozini.
Yini ohulumeni abangayenza?
Njengamanje, kwenzeka okufanayo ngamanzi njengasendabeni yokukhishwa kwe-CO2. Angazi noma uyazi yini ukuthi yiBP (British Petroleum) eyasungulwa igama elithi "carbon footprint" ngemva kwaleyo nhlekelele yemvelo eyenzeka emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule. Ngo-2000, i-BP yaziqamba kabusha ngokuthi i-Beyond Petroleum, emkhankasweni wokumaketha wokuhlanza isithombe sayo, ngaleso sikhathi bakha umshini wokubala we-carbon footprint wokuqala we-inthanethi futhi bacishe babeka inkinga emahlombe abantu ngabanye, ngamunye wethu. Ungasho kanjani: "Cha, akulona iphutha lezinkampani ezinkulu ezingcolisa. Iphutha likumuntu ngamunye okhipha i-CO2 lapho eshayela ngemoto yakhe, lapho ethumela i-imeyili, noma lapho enza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.«. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuphelele.
Kungani ngisho lokhu? Hhayi-ke, ngoba kuye kwenzeka okufanayo namanzi. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi sonke singawonga amanzi, futhi kufanele sikwenze lokho. Kodwa singabi wusizo iziwula, futhi ake sibheke ukuthi senzenjani futhi singaphinde sibuze imithwalo yemfanelo yalezo zimboni ezinkulu ezidla isamba esikhulu samanzi, futhi angibhekiseli emfuyweni nezolimo, okungeminye imikhakha abazama ukuphambukisa kuyo inkinga. Nalapha, ukuzenzisa okwethusayo. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-27% wamanzi asetshenziswa embonini asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza iphepha namakhadibhodi.
- Imboni yezemfashini ingenye engcolisa kakhulu futhi idla amanzi amaningi kakhulu.
- Okufanayo kwenzeka ngemboni ye-semiconductor, ngoba i-chip ngayinye ekhiqizwayo, cishe amalitha angu-130 amanzi ahlanzekile ayadingeka.
- Ezinye izimboni ezidla amanzi amaningi ngamakhemikhali, amaphesenti angama-25 engqikithi.
- Ukukhiqizwa nokuguqulwa kwezinsimbi nakho kudla amanzi amaningi, cishe u-13%.
- Izinga eliphindwe kabili le-ECO ligijima odongeni lweqiniso futhi ngecala lamabhethri e-lithium "yezimoto zikagesi." Ukukunikeza umbono, ibhethri yemoto idinga cishe u-8 kg we-lithium. Ukuze kukhiqizwe ikhilogremu elilodwa le-lithium, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kungase kudingeke amalitha amanzi aphakathi kuka-400 no-2 million, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka amalitha amanzi aphakathi kuka-3200 namalitha ayizigidi ezingu-16.000...
Ngakho-ke, inkulumo yosopolitiki besola isakhamuzi ayiwenzi umqondo. Ukusebenza kahle kwemboni kumele kwenziwe ngcono ukuze isebenzise kancane futhi amanzi aphinde asetshenziswe. Futhi, njengoba ngike ngasho ngaphambili, siphila emhlabeni wamanzi. Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi okuhle okuchichima kakhulu kube yindlala? Sinezilwandle nezilwandle esingazisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo, sidinga kuphela ingqalasizinda yokulethwa kuwo wonke amaphuzu adingekayo kanye nenethiwekhi yokukhipha usawoti emanzini noma izitshalo zokukhipha usawoti emanzini... Nokho, lokhu kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kakhulu, ukusola izakhamuzi kumahhala. Yilowo umehluko.
Desalination: kungenzeka?
La inani lamandla kagesi adingekayo ukukhipha usawoti emanzini Kungase kwehluke kuye ngobuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe kanye nosawoti wamanzi. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe 3-10 kWh ingadingeka nge-cubic meter yamanzi, okungukuthi, ngamalitha ayi-1000. Lokhu kuyalingana 0.003-0.01 kWh ilitha lamanzi. Amandla kagesi angavela ngokuphelele emithonjeni evuselelekayo, efana nelanga, umoya, ngisho namaza olwandle, i-geothermal, njll. Kungenzeka? Yiqiniso, empeleni, sekunezitshalo eziningana ezisebenzayo, ezinye zazo zisezingeni eliphansi. Ngakho-ke, kuyindaba yokwakha izitshalo ezintsha nokusebenzisa lezi ezikhona ngo-100% ukugwema izinkinga. Kodwa njengoba ngisho, ukusola abantu abathatha isikhathi eside ukugeza noma abavula kakhulu umpompi kushibhile kunokwakha... Qaphela! Angisho ukuthi kumele uchithe amanzi ngicela ungaqondwa...
Yini esingayenza?
Ngamunye we sinelungelo lokujabulela isici samanzi, ebalulekile ekuphileni. Futhi sinelungelo lokuyijabulela ngokuphuza noma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi. Njengoba sinalelo lungelo, nathi sinomsebenzi, futhi lokho akukona ukumosha noma ukuwachitha. Futhi ukwenza lokhu, ngizokunikeza amathiphu ongawalandela ukuze wonge amanzi ekhaya, kodwa ngaphandle kokuyeka ukusizakala ngalokhu okuhle:
Ompompi abasebenzisa kancane
Enye yezinto ongayenza ukushintsha bonke ompompi bakho ukusetshenziswa okuphansi amayunithi, noma uma usuvele unompompi abasha, kukhona nabezomnotho ongabafaka kwabavele bakhona.
Isinki-thange
Kuthiwani uma Sisebenzisa amanzi esiwasha izandla noma ubuso ukuze sigeze indlu yangasese? Izokonga amalitha amaningi njalo uma siya endlini yokugezela, futhi ungaba nawo ngalo sinki-thangi.
Umshini wokuwasha izitsha osebenzayo
Nakuba ukuwasha izitsha emshinini wokuwasha izitsha konga amanzi uma kuqhathaniswa nokuwenza ngesandla, kukhona okunye esingakwenza, okungukuthi ukuthenga umshini wokuwasha izitsha osebenza kahle kakhulu, njengalaba abathathu.
Umshini wokuwasha osebenzayo
Njengomshini wokuwasha izitsha, omunye umshini osebenzisa amanzi umshini wokuwasha, ngakho-ke akufanele udebeselele lesi sici, ukuthenga enye yale mishini yokuwasha edla amanzi amancane.
Ukunisela okuphumelelayo
Futhi, Uma unengadi noma amabhodwe ekhaya, nawe unezinketho zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi futhi ugcine izitshalo zakho zisesimweni esihle kakhulu. Ukwenza lokhu, nazi iziphakamiso zomkhiqizo, njengokunisela okuzenzakalelayo, noma izinto zokunisela nge-drip, noma umbhobho wokonga amanzi wepayipi lengadi.
Isihluthulelo
Ihlobene ngani ne-a i-dehumidifier yomoya ngamanzi? Nokho, lezi zixhobo azikwazi nje ukunciphisa umswakama ekhaya lakho, ukugwema iphunga elibi, isikhunta, nomswakama odongeni, kanye nokunciphisa ukugqwala kwensimbi, ukwehluleka kumishini kagesi ngenxa ye-RH ephezulu, njll., Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo benza lokhu, baqoqa amanzi amaningi emoyeni. Bangathola amalitha amaningana emahoreni ambalwa okusebenza, futhi ngala manzi ungakwazi, isibonelo, ukuchelela izitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela ugweme ukudla amanzi ampompi.
umtshina wokuvuza
ESpain, amalitha amanzi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-700.000 alahleka njalo ngonyaka ngenxa ukuvuza kanye nokwephuka kumanethiwekhi asebenza ngogesi. Lesi samba silingana nokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya ngonyaka okucishe kube yizigidi eziyi-14. Sinomthwalo wemfanelo wokwazisa izisebenzi ezinakekela ihholo ledolobha uma sibona ukuvuza, kodwa futhi singanqanda ukuvuza ekhaya ngenxa yokuwohloka noma ukunganaki, njengalapho siya eholidini futhi sishiya umpompi uvuliwe, noma okuthile kwehluleka lapho singekho. ...
Qoqa amanzi emvula
Imvula ingumsizi omkhulu, nokho, uma ifika, asivamisile ukusizakala ngayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, zikhona amathangi okuqoqa amanzi emvula futhi ngaleyo ndlela uyigcine, isibonelo, ukuchelela ingadi noma izitshalo.
Ithangi le-Septic
Uma unendlu yasemaphandleni engenawo uxhaxha lwendle, ungawatheli amanzi emifuleni noma emasimini, ngoba lokhu kungagcina kungcolise amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nemifula. Sebenzisa eyodwa ithangi le-septic elingaphansi komhlaba unjani. Kwezinye izimo ungasebenzisa ngisho namanzi ukunisela izitshalo uma seziphothuliwe. Isibonelo, uma uhlukanisa imisele yamanzi amnyama (i-fecal noma yangasese) emanzini ampunga (ishawa, usinki, ikhishi, umshini wokuwasha,...), ungasebenzisa amanzi ampunga ngale njongo. Kukhona izinto zokuhlanza amanzi ezimpunga emakethe ongazifaka ekhaya futhi usebenzise amanzi.
ichibi likasawoti
Sebenzisa ichibi nge i-chlorinator kasawoti, lokhu kwelashwa kukasawoti kungandisa ukuphila kwakho uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zokwelapha, kuvimbele ukuthi ungawuvuseleli kaningi. Ngokugcinwa kahle ungayithola ngamanzi afanayo iminyaka engu-7, futhi ngezinye izikhathi nangaphezulu. Ungaphinda usebenzise amanzi echibi uma usunqume ukuwathulula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa i-distiller.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-distillers
I-Las ama-distillers angasebenzisa amanzi ompompi, amanzi emvula, njll., azobiliswa bese umhwamuko uqoqwe i-alembic, lapho izopholisa ikhoyili ukuze ihlanganise futhi iphume isesimweni samanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile. Lokhu kungasetshenziselwa ukuphuza, amanzi ensimbi, umenzi wekhofi, njll., ngaphandle kokushiya izinsalela ze-lime.
Okwezimo zokusinda noma eziphuthumayo
Ekugcineni, nakuba kungeyona indlela yokonga amanzi, kodwa kunalokho ukuthola amanzi aphuzwayo ukuphuza ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ungasebenzisa lezi ezinye izihloko engizitusayo.