Lapho sisebenzisa amanzi nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi noma ukusetshenziswa, izici zalo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ziyashintshwa. La manzi aqukethe amakhemikhali nezinto eziphilayo athathwa njenge indle amanzi. Amanzi angcolile lawo anenani elikhulu lamakhemikhali noma elebhayoloji futhi ayingozi empilweni yomuntu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngezici zamanzi angcolile kanye nokuphathwa kwawo.
Yini amanzi angcolile
Sibiza amanzi angcolile kuwo wonke lawo manzi anemvelaphi ehlukile futhi asetshenziswe ngabantu ngandlela thile. Lokhu kukhwabanisa sekudale ushintsho kuzimpawu zamanzi namakhemikhali nezinto eziphilayo ezilethwe. Akunandaba ukuthi avela kuphi amanzi, kungaba awasekhaya, ezezimboni, imfuyo, ezolimo noma ezokungcebeleka, wonke amanzi asetshenzisiwe futhi angafanele ukusetshenziswa kwabantu, athathwa njengamanzi angcolile.
Umsuka nezinhlobo
Sizobhekana nomsuka wamanzi angcolile. La manzi esiwabalulile angahle abe nemvelaphi ehlukile. Ngayinye yale mvelaphi iyona ezonquma izici amanzi angaba nazo. Amanzi angcolile ahlukaniswa ngemisuka elandelayo:
- Amanzi angcolile endlu: Ngamanzi asalayo inhlosongqangi yawo ukuthi kungumfucumfucu ketshezi ovela emakhaya, ezindaweni zokuhlala, ezindaweni zezentengiselwano nasezikhungweni. Amanzi esiwageza ngawo kamuva abhekwa njengamanzi angcolile. La manzi anemikhondo yamagciwane ethu, omphakathi esinawo namakhemikhali afana nensipho noma imoto esisebenzise ukuyigeza.
- Amanzi amnyama: amanzi amnyama yilawo ahanjiswa ngemuva kokusetshenziswa endlini yangasese.
- Amanzi ampunga: yilawo manzi anensipho aqukethe amafutha avela eshaweni, umshini wokuwasha izitsha, igumbi lokuwasha kanye nomshini wokuwasha.
- Amanzi angcolile kamasipala noma asemadolobheni: kungamanzi isici sawo esiyinhloko ukuthi kungukungcola ketshezi okuvela enhlanganisweni yasemadolobheni. Kukule ndawo lapho kwenziwa imisebenzi yasekhaya neyezimboni. La manzi athuthwa ngenethiwekhi yokuhambisa indle ngaphansi komhlaba wedolobha lonke. Inhloso enkulu ukuhola la manzi aye esikhungweni sokwelashwa.
- Amanzi angcolile ezimbonini: yilezo ezibonakala ngokuba nodoti oketshezi ovela ezindaweni zezimboni. Zingaba zemfuyo noma imvelaphi yezolimo. Lawa manzi kufanele aphathwe njengoba anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali nezinto eziphilayo eziyingozi empilweni yomuntu.
- Amanzi emvula: Lolu hlobo lwamanzi aluthathwa njengamanzi angcolile kodwa lunezici ezithile ezenza ukuthi abantu bangakwazi ukuwasebenzisa. Zivela ekugijimeni komhlaba okuvela ezimvuleni futhi zigeleze phezu kophahla, imigwaqo, izingadi nezindawo zomhlaba ngokuthambekela okuthile. Ngaphakathi kwala manzi sithola izinto ezingcolisayo ngenxa yokuthi ukuhamba kwamanzi kudonsela udoti nezinsalela zezinto eziqoqiwe ebusweni bamadolobha. Amanzi emvula awawona amanzi angcolile kanjalo, kepha kunalokho amanzi athatha zonke izinhlayiya ezigcinwe ngaphezulu kwedolobha futhi angcoliswe lapho kwenziwa lokho.
- Industrial udoti liquid: Ngamanzi abonakala ngokuba nemvelaphi yezimboni. Ukwakheka kwayo kungahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngenqubo yezimboni evela kuyo. Ngisho nasenqubeni efanayo yezimboni kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezici ezingenza ukuthi lolu ketshezi lube nezinto ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali noma zebhayoloji.
- Amanzi angcolile ezolimo: yilezo ezibonakala ngokuqhamuka phezulu kwemvula kodwa lokho kuhudulwa yizindawo zezolimo. Njengoba ezolimo zanamuhla zisebenzisa inani elikhulu kakhulu lezibulala-zinambuzane, umanyolo we-nitrogen, usawoti kanye nezinye izinto zamakhemikhali, la manzi angcolile aqukethe inani elikhulu lokuqina okulengisiwe namakhemikhali ayingozi empilweni yabantu.
Izici zomzimba wamanzi angcolile
Sizohlaziya ukuthi yiziphi izici ezingokomzimba nezingamakhemikhali zamanzi angcolile. Njengoba sishilo phambilini, amanzi angcolile angaveza izici ezahlukahlukene kuye ngemvelaphi yawo kanye nenqubo ewakhiphile. Ngokuya ngemvelaphi, kuzoba nokuphathwa okwanele ukuthi amanzi ahlanzwe. Into yokuqala ukwenza uphawu lwamanzi. Le nqubo yiyona ekhombisa ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokwelapha okufanele isetshenziswe nokuthi yiziphi izindlela ezifanele amanzi.
Ukuze kutholakale izici zamanzi angcolile, kufanele kubhekwe lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- Okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo: izinkuni eziphilayo yingxenyana efanele yezinto ezingcolisayo emanzini angcolile asekhaya nawomasipala. Imvamisa la manzi anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo ngoba kuyimbangela yokwehla komoya-mpilo emizimbeni yamanzi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi la manzi angcolisiwe futhi avela emakhaya ngenxa yokushoda komoya-mpilo kuwo. Izinto ezingokwemvelo ngokuyinhloko zenziwa ngekhabhoni, i-hydrogen, i-oksijini, i-nitrogen nesibabule. Iphinde yakhiwe ngamaprotheni avela ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni zezitshalo. Ezinye zezinto ezingcolisa kakhulu amanzi ngamafutha avela ekhishini nasembonini. Imithelela emikhulu yala manzi ngama-surfactants avela ezintweni zokuhlanza.
- I-oxygen encibilikisiwe: kungenye ipharamitha ebalulekile okufanele isetshenziselwe ukuhlaziya amanzi angcolile. I-oksijeni isetshenziswa njengenkomba yokungcola kwamanzi.
- Isidingo se-Oxygen ye-Biochemical: Amanzi ayindlela engaqondile yenani lezinto eziphilayo eziqukethe. Kusetshenziselwa ukwazi ukusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo okwenziwa ngama-microorganism ukwehlisa izinhlanganisela ezibolayo ezikhona emanzini.
- Isidingo se-oxygen oxygen: esinye isilinganiso esingaqondile senani lezinto eziphilayo emanzini. Ngokungafani naleso esedlule, lolu vivinyo lusebenzisa i-oxidant enamandla endaweni ephakathi ye-asidi esikhundleni sezinto ezincane eziphilayo.
- Ama-Solids: Izinto eziphilayo ngokuvamile zisesimo sokuqina. Imiphumela ingamiswa noma ichithwe. Ungathola futhi ukudla okuqinile okungalungiswa noma okungajwayelekile.
- Amandla we-Hydrogen: kuyinto eguqukayo elawula izinqubo zebhayoloji zokuphathwa kwamanzi angcolile.
- I-nitrogen: Ingxenye eyinhloko yamaprotheni futhi iyisakhi esibalulekile se-algae namagciwane ahlala ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi angcolile.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana namanzi angcolile kanye nokuphathwa kwawo.