Sekungamashumi eminyaka, izimbangela kanye imiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu babe yizinto ezibakhathaza ngokuhlanganyela; kodwa-ke, kukhona izinganekwane ngokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu futhi akuyena wonke umuntu owazi izinga lomthelela wazo emhlabeni. Futhi ngukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyinkinga ebaluleke kakhulu yezemvelo yomhlaba ebhekene nabantu ngaleli khulu leminyaka.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukuze sazi ukuthi yini izimbangela nemiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nemvelaphi yaso.
Yini
Ngokwe-United Nations Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu wukuguquka kwesimo sezulu okubangelwa ngqo noma ngokungaqondile yimisebenzi yabantu eshintsha ukwakheka komkhathi womhlaba futhi ikhulise izinguquko ezijwayelekile ezenzeka ngokwemvelo eMhlabeni. iplanethi.
Umhlaba unemijikelezo yemvelo eyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, kubandakanya ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Isibonelo, cishe eminyakeni eyi-10.000 XNUMX eyedlule, Isimo sezulu seplanethi yethu sasibanda kakhulu kunanamhlanje, futhi izinguzunga zeqhwa zazithatha ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba; ushintsho olwenzeka kancane kancane lwaphela ngenkathi yokugcina yeqhwa.
Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Imiphumela yakhona iyanda kokubili ngemvamisa nangamandla ngenxa ye- ukwanda komphumela wokushisa.
Emlandweni woMhlaba kube nezinguquko eziningana zesimo sezulu, kodwa-ke, lokhu okukhiqizwa ngumuntu kukhulu kakhulu. Imbangela yayo enkulu ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa akhishelwa emkhathini yimisebenzi yethu yezimboni, ezolimo, ezokuthutha, njll. Noma kunjalo, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu akuthinti wonke amazwe ngokulingana ngoba isebenza ngokuya ngezici zemvelo namandla okugcina ukushisa kwegesi ngalinye lokushisa.
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Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kunemiphumela ehlukahlukene edala imithelela ehlukile ku:
- Imvelo: Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuhlasela imvelo, kunciphisa ukwehlukahlukana futhi kwenze kube nzima ngezinhlobo eziningi ukuthi ziphile. Iphinde iguqule ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni emjikelezweni futhi ihlukanise indawo yokuhlala yohlobo ngalunye. Izindawo ezihlukanisiwe ziyizingozi ezinkulu izilwane nezitshalo okufanele zibhekane nazo nokuthi, kwesinye isikhathi, kungasho ukuphela kwezinhlobo.
- Izinhlelo zabantu: Ngenxa yemiphumela emibi enayo emkhathini, imvula, amazinga okushisa, njll. Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuhlasela amasistimu womuntu kubangele ukulahleka kokusebenza kwezolimo. Isibonelo, izilimo eziningi zilinyazwa yisomiso esibi kakhulu noma azikwazi ukutshalwa ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu, kudingeka ukujikeleza kwezitshalo, izinambuzane ziyanda, njll. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isomiso sandisa ukushoda kwamanzi okuphuza okunisela, ukuhlinzeka amadolobha, ukuwasha imigwaqo, ukuhlobisa, imboni, njll. Futhi ngesizathu esifanayo, kubangela ukulimala empilweni, ukuvela kwezifo ezintsha ...
- Izinhlelo zasemadolobheni: Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuthinta nezinhlelo zasemadolobheni, kubangele ukuthi izindlela zokuhamba noma imizila iguqulwe, ubuchwepheshe obusha kufanele buthuthukiswe noma bufakwe ezakhiweni futhi jikelele kuthinta indlela yokuphila
- Izinhlelo zezomnotho: Ongakusho ngezinhlelo zezomnotho. Ngokusobala, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuthinta ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukukhiqiza, izimboni ezisebenzisa imali yemvelo ...
- Izinhlelo zomphakathi: Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuthinta nezinhlelo zomphakathi ezibangela ushintsho ekufudukeni, okuholela ezimpini nasezingxabanweni, kwephula ukulingana, njll.
Imiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu e-Afrika
I-Afrika ingelinye lamazwekazi asengozini enkulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Iningi le-Afrika lizothola imvula encane, ngesifunda esiphakathi nesempumalanga kuphela esithola imvula eyengeziwe. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuzoba nokwanda ezindaweni ezomile nezingenamanzi e-Afrika phakathi kuka-5% no-8% kuze kube ngu-2080. Abantu bazophinde bahlupheke ngokwanda kwengcindezi yamanzi ngenxa yesomiso kanye nokuntuleka kwamanzi okubangelwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu kuzolimaza umkhiqizo wezolimo nokutholakala kokudla kuzoba nzima ngokwengeziwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle kuzothinta amadolobha amakhulu asezindaweni ezisogwini eziphansi, njenge-Alexandria, Cairo, Lomé, Cotonou, Lagos naseMassawa.
Umthelela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu e-Asia
Imithelela ngaphandle kwe-Afrika izobonakala e-Asia. Isibonelo, ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa kuzokwandisa izikhukhula namadwala, futhi kuzothinta imithombo yamanzi yaseTibet, India neBangladesh; Lokhu kuzodala nokwehla kokugeleza kwemifula nokutholakala kwamanzi ahlanzekile, njengoba izinguzunga zeqhwa zincipha. Ngonyaka ka-2050, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-1000 bangabhekana nokushoda kwamanzi. INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ikakhulukazi izifunda ezinamadolobha amakhulu agcwele ngokweqile, zisengozini yezikhukhula. Cishe u-30% wemifula yamakhorali yase-Asia kulindeleke ukuthi inyamalale eminyakeni engama-30 ezayo ngenxa yezingcindezi ezahlukahlukene nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Izinguquko ezimvula zizodala ukwanda kwezifo zohudo, ikakhulu ezihambisana nezikhukhula nesomiso.
Kungakhuphula futhi indawo yokusatshalaliswa komiyane we-malaria futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte abantu abaningi base-Asia.
Imiphumela eLatin America
Ukuhlehla kwezinguzunga zeqhwa kule ndawo kanye nokwehla okulandelayo kwemvula kungaholela ekwehleni kwamanzi atholakalayo kwezolimo, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Ngokushoda kwamanzi atholakalayo, umkhiqizo wezitshalo zokudla nawo uzokwehla futhi lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni zokutholakala kokudla.
Ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwezindawo eziningi ezishisayo, iLatin America ingathola ukulahleka okuphawulekayo kokwehlukahlukana kwezinto eziphilayo. Ukwehla komswakama kulindeleke ukuthi kubangele a ukushintshwa kancane kancane kwamahlathi ashisayo ngama-savanna empumalanga ye-Amazonia. Esinye isimo semvelo esengozini yokutholakala eCaribbean yimifula yamakhorali, okuyikhaya lezinsiza eziningi zasolwandle. Ukukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle kuzokhulisa ubungozi bokukhukhula ezindaweni ezisezindaweni eziphansi, ikakhulukazi eCaribbean.