Lapho kukhona okuthile okubalulekile noma okuphilayo okubaluleke kakhulu, umuntu kufanele afunde ukukugcina nokukuvikela. Lokhu akwenzeki ngezinto zezamasiko kuphela, imisebenzi yobuciko namasiko athandwayo. Kuyenzeka futhi nasemvelweni. Njengoba nje imikhosi ethile yabangcwele yabavikeli ingaba ifa lendabuko lendawo, kukhona okuhlukile futhi izinhlobo zemvelo yiziphi ifa lemvelo. Ngenhlanhla, iSpain inendawo enkulu yomhlaba enamagugu emvelo anenani eliphakeme lemvelo (enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu eYurophu). Lokhu akusho ukuthi umhlaba wonke awunayo le nsimu eyigugu.
Kule ndatshana sizokukhombisa ukuthi yini eyenza i-ecosystem ibe yigugu lemvelo nokubaluleka kokuphathwa kwayo nokuvikelwa okuyikho.
Liyini ifa lemvelo
Igugu lemvelo uhlelo lwezinto eziphilayo olunikeza ukubukeka okuhle komhlaba, kuyikhaya lenani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezidinga ukuba ziphile futhi, ngokujwayelekile, indawo enganikela kakhulu emphakathini kusuka ezicini ezahlukahlukene. Ngesici sezivakashi nezomnotho, izindawo eziningi ezilondolozwe kahle ziheha abantu abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba ukuba bavakashele. Lokhu kukhiqiza umnotho wezokuvakasha kwemvelo. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, ibuye inikeze imininingwane eminingi ngokubuka kwesayensi.
Kuyisethi yezimpahla zemvelo ezisendaweni yezwe. Imvamisa, leli fa livikelekile ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zokuvikelwa kuya ngenani lalo kanye nesimo samanje sokongiwa. Isibonelo, isigaba esaziwa kakhulu yileso sepaki yemvelo. Kuyindawo yemvelo lapho umthelela wabantu ungenakwenzeka futhi izama ukonga zonke izici ezingaphakathi zemvelo, ikhawulela noma imuphi umsebenzi ongalimaza ibhalansi yemvelo.
Lezi zindlela zokuvikela azizami ukwenza imvelo ibe ngeyakho wedwa, kepha kunalokho ukujabulela ifa ngasikhathi sinye lapho kungenziwa khona imisebenzi yokufunda ngemvelo ukufundisa abancane ukuba babe nezindinganiso zokongiwa kwemvelo.
Emhlabeni wonke, lezi zindlela zokuvikela zijabulela impumelelo eyamukelekayo. Kunezikhala zemvelo ezingaphezu kuka-100.000 ezivikelwe emhlabeni. Ngenhlanhla, eSpain sinezinto eziningi eziphilayo ezinhlobonhlobo kanye nenani elikhulu lomhlaba ovikelekile. Ngisho nalokhu, inani nendawo yendawo evikelekile inyuke kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva kuye impande yokwenziwa kweNatura 2000 Network. Inhloso yale nethiwekhi yezindawo zemvelo ezivikelwe ukudala inqubomgomo efanayo ukusungula indlela yokuvikela izindawo zemvelo esikalini somphakathi.
Izigaba nombuso wokuvikela
NgokweNatura 2000 Network evunyelwe yi-European Union, izindawo zemvelo zehlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko:
I-ZEPA: indawo ekhethekile yokuvikela izinyoni.
I-SCI: izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu emphakathini.
Yize kungashiwo noma kugxekwe ngeSpain, sinenethiwekhi enkulu kunazo zonke Yezindawo Zemvelo ezivikelekile kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sinezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, izindawo namathafa nezinhlobo ezakha ifa lemvelo laseSpain.
Ifa lemvelo laseSpain landa kuwo wonke amaPyrenees, yonke inyakatho yenhlonhlo, iCanaries neMenorca. Sinezingxenye ezingenakubuyiselwa zenani elikhulu lemvelo njenge iGarajonay National Park noma iDoñana National Park e-Andalusia.
Kunezigaba ezahlukahlukene zokuvikelwa eSpain. Sinezinqolobane zemvelo, ipaki yemvelo, ukubekwa kwemvelo, itshe lesikhumbuzo, indawo yokugcina izinto eziphilayo, indawo yemvelo ehlangene, ipaki esezindaweni ezisemadolobheni, njll. Isigaba ngasinye sinezici ezikhethekile kanye nombuso ohlukile wokuvikela ngokwalokho esizama ukukugcina. Akufani nokugcina indawo eseduzane nedolobha kunesikhala semvelo njengeDoñana. Imisebenzi evunyelwe nomthetho kuyaqiniswa lapho inani lemvelo liphakeme.
Njengamanje, eSpain, indawo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo yizinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuvikelwa, ngoba ngisho nabantu abakwazi ukungena kuyo. Imvamisa, yizindawo ezinendawo encane yomhlaba, ebiyelwe, lapho ososayensi kuphela abangangena ngemvume yokuqhuba ucwaningo ngezimila nezilwane ezihlala kulezi zindawo.
Izibonelo zamagugu emvelo eSpain
Sizoklelisa ezinye zezibonelo eziphawuleka kakhulu futhi ezaziwayo zefa lemvelo laseSpain.
IGarajonay National Park
Itholakala maphakathi nesiqhingi saseLa Gomera, eCanary Islands. Igcina enye ebaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke i-European Union. Kuyihlathi lomlingo le-laurel. Iphinde ivelele konke ukwahlukahlukana kwayo okukhulu kokwakheka kwezitshalo, izikhumbuzo ze-geological kanye nenombolo enkulu yezinhlobo eziphilayo ezihlala kuzo. Khumbula ukuthi uhlobo lwendalo kuphela olukhula endaweni eyodwa futhi aluhlali kwenye.
I-Teide National Park
Kugqame ikakhulukazi ngobuhle bamasimu ayo. Ingenye yezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni. Ipaki likhaya lomcebo omkhulu webhayoloji onamaphesenti aphezulu ezinhlobo zezitshalo ezikule ndawo. Ngaphandle kokucatshangwayo, kunenqwaba yezilwane ezingenamgogodla, phakathi kwazo lapho sithola khona i-ocelot.
Indawo ephakeme kakhulu eSpain yiMount Teide, intaba-mlilo. Iyintaba-mlilo yesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni, ngamamitha angu-3,718 ukuphakama. Le paki kazwelonke iyingxenye yohlu lwamaGugu Omhlaba esigabeni sempahla yemvelo.
Ipaki likazwelonke laseDoana
Etholakala eGulf of Cádiz, yakha indawo enkulu kunazo zonke e-Europe. Kubaluleke kakhulu ekulondolozeni i-lynx yase-Iberia, insikazi esengozini enkulu kunazo zonke kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Leli paki lisiza nokuvikela ukhozi lwasebukhosini, olunye uhlobo lwezimpawu zaseSpain.
Ama-pyrenees
Kubhalwe njengefa elihlanganisiwe lemvelo namasiko omhlaba.
Ibiza
Inemvelo ebalulekile yasolwandle nasogwini. Kulezi zindawo, ukwehlukahlukana okuningi namasiko kuyasebenzisana. Iphinde yamenyezelwa njengeGugu Lomhlaba ngo-1999.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ifa lemvelo libaluleke kakhulu emphakathini. Ayigcini nje ngokugcina imvelo nokusebenza kwayo, kepha futhi iheha ezokuvakasha futhi ithuthukise umnotho wazo zonke izindawo ezinenani eliphakeme kakhulu.