IDamu leThathu leGorges, elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni

IDamu leGorges ezintathu (isiShayina esenziwe lula: 三峡 大坝, isiShayina sendabuko: 三峽 大壩, pinyin: Sānxiá Dàbà) lisendaweni yomfula I-Yangtze e-China. Yisitshalo esikhulu samandla kagesi emhlabeni.

Ukwakhiwa kwedamu kwaqala ngonyaka we-1983 futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuzothatha cishe iminyaka engama-20. NgoNovemba 9, 2001 inkambo yomfula yavulwa futhi ngo-2003 iqembu lokuqala lama-generator laqala ukusebenza. Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2004, kwafakwa amaqembu angama-2000 ophehla ugesi ngonyaka, kwaze kwaqedwa umsebenzi.

IDamu LamaGorge amathathu,

NgoJuni 6, 2006, kubhidlizwe udonga lokugcina lwedamu, kwaba neziqhumane ezanele zokudiliza izakhiwo ezingama-400 eziyizitezi eziyi-10. Iphothulwe ngo-Okthoba 30, 2010. Cishe abantu abayizigidi ezimbili babenjalo uthuthelwe kwenye indawo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezintsha ezakhiwe edolobheni laseChongqing.

Izici

Idamu limi osebeni lwedolobha laseYichang, esifundazweni saseHubei. Idamu leli liqanjwe ngeGorotkia, futhi lingagcina ama-39.300 billion m3. Ine Imishini yokuphehla ugesi engu-32 MW 700 ngayinye, I-14 ifakwe ohlangothini olusenyakatho lwedamu, eyi-12 ohlangothini oluseningizimu lwedamu nezinye eziyisithupha ezingaphansi komhlaba, okuphelele amandla ka-24.000 MW.

Kuzinhlelo zokuqala, leli damu elilodwa lizoba namandla okuphakela u-10% wesidingo sikagesi saseChina. Kodwa-ke ukukhula kwesidingo ubelokhu echazayo, futhi izokwazi ukunikeza amandla kuphela ku-3% wokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kwamaShayina.

Lo msebenzi omkhulukazi ushiye amadolobha ayi-19 namadolobha angama-322 ngaphansi kwezinga lamanzi, athinta cishe abantu abayizigidi ezi-2 futhi acwilisa indawo engamakhilomitha ayi-630 yendawo yamaShayina.

Leli damu lizolawula ukukhuphuka kokugeleza kwalo mfula, okubangelwa yisikhathi semvula, ngaleyo ndlela kugweme ukukhukhuleka komfula amadolobha angomakhelwane. Izinga lamanzi lizohluka kusuka ku-50 m kuye ku-175 m, kuya ngezinkathi zonyaka. Enye inhloso yokwakhiwa kwayo ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi engxenyeni enkulu yabantu baseChina, namandla okugcina amamitha ama-cubic metres ayizigidi ezingama-39.300, lapho izigidi ezingama-22.150 zizokwabelwa ukulawula izikhukhula.

Enye inhloso ukukhiqiza ugesi, ozoba nawo Ama-generator angama-26 i-turbine engu-700.000 kilowatts ngayinye.

UMfula iYangtze

Ngokwakhiwa kwaleli damu elikhulu, i ukuhamba komfula eMfuleni iYangtze, okuzokhulisa ukukhula komnotho wezwe. Kepha njengengxenye yentuthuko kanye nenqubekela phambili, indawo lapho iDamu leThathu leGorge lizoba khona ibe nezinguquko ezinkulu.

Le phrojekthi igcwale ngaphezu komhlaba wama-250 km2, amadolobha ayi-13 kanye amakhulu amadolobhana amancane osebeni lomfula. Ukufuduswa kwentuthuko kuphoqe abantu abangaphezu kuka-1.130.000 ukuthi bashiye amakhaya abo, nokukhishwa okukhulu kunakho konke emlandweni, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwedamu.

Ukwenza nje isibonelo, ngonyaka we-2001 iSpain yakhiqiza ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi ongu-18.060 MW. IDamu leThathu leGorges liyakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla wonyaka ka-17.680 MW.

UMfula i-Three Gorges Yangtze uyingxenye enhle kakhulu yoMfula i-Yangtze. Bakha uchungechunge lwe ukuheha kwemvelo namasiko.

Izinguquko Zamuva Emaphethelweni Amathathu

Le ngxenye yomhlaba yake yaba yindawo eyingozi. Yize, selokhu kwakhiwa iDamu leThathu lamaGorge (ngokwakhiwa ngokuphelele ngo-2006) izinga lomfula selinyukele kuma-180 m (590 ft) futhi umfula usukhulu ukuzola nokuhamba kalula. Nsuku zonke kunenqwaba yemikhumbi ehamba phakathi kweChongqing neYichang. Uhambo olumnandi, olunikeza abagibeli ithuba lokubona ubuhle bamagege.

Isingeniso somqala

AmaGorge amathathu yiQutang Gorge, iWu Gorge, neXiling Gorge. I-Qutang (/ chyoo-tung / 'Qu (igama lomndeni) echibini') Umhosha uqala enhlokodolobha yesifunda iFengjie, cishe 500 km ezansi nomfula ukusuka edolobheni laseChongqing, elokishini laseChonqing. I-Qutang icishe ibe ngamakhilomitha angama-40 ubude futhi iphelela eWushan (/ Woo-shan / 'Witch Mountain') County Town.

UWu Gorge ("Witch") uqala uDaning ujoyina uMfula iYangtze eWushan. Uhambo oluya ezansi noMfula iDaning ludlula abahambi ngamaGreater Three Gorges, inguqulo ehlanganisiwe yamaGorge amathathu, amisiwe iminyango emincane kakhulu, ebizwa ngeMini yamaGorge amathathu ngakolunye uhlangothi. I-Wu Gorge ibuye ibe ngamakhilomitha angama-40 ubude futhi ijoyina iXiling Gorge edolobheni lesifunda laseBadong (/ bar-dong / ngokwezwi nezwi "iMpumalanga yeSihuan neChongqing", futhi empeleni kuphela emngceleni weSifundazwe saseHubei).

I-Xiling Gorge (/ sshee-ling / 'west chain') ingxenye yeBadong, lapho kuhlangana khona iShennong Stream neYangtze. Amanzi acwebile okristalu, izindlela zokuhamba ezimisiwe namabhokisi okulenga eShennong Creek ahlukanisa izivakashi kude nezikebhe ezincane ukuze zihlole lokhu okuhehayo ohlangothini. Umhume waseSanyou (/ san-yo / 'three travelers'), lapho izimbongi ezintathu zasendulo ezidumile kuthiwa zahlalaUngumhume omuhle, "umhume ongcono kakhulu endaweni eyi-Three Gorges". Umgede waseSanyou cishe amakhilomitha ayi-10 ukusuka eYichang eXiling Gorge. IXiling Gorge icishe ibe yi-100 km futhi iphelela edolobheni laseYichang.