Emkhakheni we-cell biology ne-botany kuningi okukhulunywa ngakho nge ibhendi ye-caspary nokubaluleka kwayo. Kuwukuqina kwezindonga zamaseli okudlala indima ebalulekile ezicubu zomzimba zezitshalo zemithambo nakulwelwe oluthile. Siyazi ukuthi udonga lweseli lwakhiwe nge-lignin ne-suberin nokuthi lusiza ukuvikela isitshalo. Ibhendi yeCaspary yakhiwa ngasikhathi sinye nezindonga zamaseli eziyinhloko empandeni eyinhloko futhi ukusuka lapho kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni isitshalo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngokwakhiwa nokubaluleka kwebhendi yeCaspary.
Izici eziyinhloko
Siyazi ukuthi i-endodermis yezindonga zeseli inokuqina, ubulukhuni, ukumelana nokunganqobeki okusiza ukuvikela amaseli ezitshalo. Ukujiya kwezindonga zamangqamuzana anesisindo esijikelezayo kubuye kubangelwe ngama-polymers emvelo aziwa njengebhendi yeCaspary. Idlala indima ebalulekile ezicubu zomzimba zezitshalo zemithambo kanye nolwelwe oluthile. Kukhona ibhande esitokisini ngasinye esifakwe izinto eziphilayo noma ama-polymers futhi likhomba umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezindonga eziyinhloko zamaseli.
Ibhendi yeCaspary ifinyelela kuzo zonke izindonga ngendlela enganqamuki. Lokho okungukuthi, akuveli ngasikhathi sinye kuwo wonke amaseli we-endodermis. Igama lalo livela ekukhiqizweni kohlobo lwesendlalelo esingenamanzi esikhiqizayo. Okuqala ngokufakwa kwezinto ze-phenolic nezinamafutha ezindongeni ezisabalalayo zamaseli ekugcineni kugcina sekuba yibhande elijoyina ulwelwesi lwe-plasma ukukhulisa ukushuba kwalo. Singabona iqembu likaCaspary ngokusebenzisa i-microscope usebenzisa udayi wemvelo obizwa ngeSafranin. Leli bhande kungathiwa liyibhande lapho izindonga zokuqala zifakwe khona.
Umsebenzi webhendi yeCaspary
Sizokwazi ukuthi yini umsebenzi weqembu likaCaspary. Iqukethe ikakhulukazi i-suberin futhi yakha isakhiwo esishintshayo esisebenza njengesithiyo phakathi kwezitshalo nemvelo. Siyazi ukuthi izitshalo zidinga ukuvikelwa okuthile ukuze kungonakaliswa yizinto zemvelo ezikhona emvelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye wemisebenzi yawo ukungenelela ekuthuthweni kwamanzi ne-ion ngokusebenzisa i-apoplast yezimpande. Iphinde ivimbele izinto ukuthi zigeleze ngale ndlela futhi iphoqe ukuthuthwa kwembumbulu ngendlela elula.
I-Suberin yakhiwe nge-hydroxy, epoxy, ne-dicarboxylic fatty acids. Lawa mafutha acid agcwalisa isikhala sengxenye engaphandle kwamangqamuzana ezitshalo. Okungukuthi, kuvimba ukudlula kwezinto phakathi kwezindonga ze-endodermis kanti uketshezi lomhlabathi luphela ludlula ku-cytoplasm. Ngale ndlela, ukukhululeka kokukhetha okuthokozisayo kudalelwa isitshalo. Nakhu ukuthi isitshalo singalawula kanjani ukuhamba kwe-ions, silawule ukungena kwamanzi nezinye izinto zamaminerali.
Uma siya ku-endodermis yeseli, siyabona ukuthi ukuphela kongqimba lweseli oluvimbela ukudlula kwezinto ezisuka emhlabathini ziye ezinyanda zemithambo yegazi. I-endodermis imbozwe yi-cortex futhi yize ama-ion wezinto ezisakazeka kalula phakathi kwe-rhizodermis ne-vascular cylinder, awanakuthola okwakamuva. Ngalesi sizathu, indlela i-syplast yesitshalo noma i-cytoplasm ye-epidermis.
Ibhendi yeCaspary nokuthuthwa kwamanzi
Ezitshalweni eziningi amanzi angena ezimpandeni ngokwemvelo. Akudingekile ukuthi kube nokuchithwa okwengeziwe kwamandla ukuze amanzi angene ngezimpande. Kodwa-ke, ukuhamba kwamanzi kuqweqwe nakuwo wonke ungqimba lwangaphakathi kusebenzisa amandla amaningi futhi kwenziwa izinqubo ezahlukahlukene. Ukuhamba kwamanzi ku-xylem kungenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili: i-apoplast kanye ne-syplast. Iqembu likaCaspary likhona bobabili. Sizofunda ngokujula okuyimizila emibili etholwe yiCaspary band:
Indlela ye-Apoplast
Kuyisifunda sesitshalo esingahlali nge-protoplast. Kuzo kunezikhala ezingenalutho ngokusobala eziphakathi kwezindonga zamaseli naphakathi kwamaseli ahlukene. I-apoplast ingenye yezindawo zokufinyelela zamanzi nezinye izinto ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwesitshalo. Le ndlela isebenza njengomsele wesikhutha esiya kwi-chloroplast. ukufaka isandla ekulungisweni kwekhabhoni ngesikhathi senqubo ye-photosynthesis. Baphinde bangenele ngemuva kokumelana kwesitshalo nezinto ezahlukahlukene ze-phytopathogenic ezingacindezela imetabolism yeselula.
Kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi izikhala eziphakathi kwezindonga zamaseli naphakathi kwamaseli zigcwala njengama-polymer eziphilayo imvelo yawo enkulu ingamafutha. Lawa ma-polymeri aphilayo yiwona akha iqembu leCaspary futhi avimbela ukusabalala kwamanzi no-ions. Ukuthuthwa kwalezi zakhi nge-apoplast akulutho, kuncane kakhulu kunalokho okwenzeka endleleni enozwela.
Umzila onozwela
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-endodermis kusho ukuthi ukuphela kwendlela yokuhamba yi-syplast. Kulapha lapho amanzi edabula ulwelwesi lwe-cytoplasmic nama-protoplast wamaseli. Kubhekwa njengokuhamba okusebenzayo kakhulu futhi Isuka esitokisini iye esitokisini isebenzisa ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla wamanzi. Sibonile ukuthi une-apoplast inokuhamba kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa amandla okujuluka. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulu ngemuva kokulahleka kwamanzi ngokuvulwa kwe-stomata.
I-syplast yi-protoplast exhunyanisiwe eyenza i-cytoplasm yeseli. Ngasikhathi sinye siyabona ukuthi axhumene ne-plasmodesmata. Kulapha lapho amanzi egeleza khona kalula kanye namanye ama-molecule esisindo esiphansi nezinto.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngebhendi leCaspary nokubaluleka kwalo ngezitshalo.