Ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bomuntu kuyisimo esifanele uma kukhulunywa ngokuphatha nokushintsha ukusetshenziswa komhlaba. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni kuya kwezolimo, ngokusebenzisa amahlathi kanye nasemadolobheni, kunokusetshenziswa komhlaba okuningi.
Kodwa-ke, amazinga aphezulu okukhishwa kwe-CO2 emisebenzini yethu yezomnotho Babangela ushintsho ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba ezindaweni zezolimo zase-Sub-Saharan Africa. Ngabe ukukhipha umoya kuhlobene kanjani nokusetshenziswa komhlaba?
Ukusetshenziswa komhlaba e-Sub-Saharan Africa
Ngokwesiko "ukusika nokushisa" kwenziwa emhlabathini wezolimo kule ndawo. Kwenziwe ucwaningo lwamazwe omhlaba ngokubamba iqhaza kwabaphenyi abavela iPolytechnic University yaseMadrid (UPM) lapho behlaziya khona ubudlelwano phakathi kokukhishwa kwe-CO2 nezinguquko ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba.
Baqoqe imininingwane ngokukhishwa kwegesi engcolisa ukushisa emkhathini okwenzeka ezindaweni zezolimo nasemiphakathini yemvelo e-Sub-Saharan Africa.
Ucwaningo luye lwahlaziya kabanzi Izifundo ezingama-75 ezenziwa emazweni angama-22 ase-Afrika ukuze kutholakale izinto ezidala lokhu kukhishwa kanye namasu okuphatha azinqumayo, kanye nezindlela ezinganciphisa.
Yize i- Isivumelwano saseParis, kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa emkhathini we-Afrika eseNingizimu yeSahara. Izici ezidala lokhu kungcola nazo azikaziwa.
Kukhona futhi okuncane okwaziwayo mayelana nokuthi ungakunciphisa kanjani lokhu kungcola okuya emkhathini, yize kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zezolimo ezigcina ukukhiqizwa kulezi zindawo. Ama-60% awo wonke umsebenzi uya kwezolimo, futhi okwenza kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kube yinto yokufunda, ukuthi lezi zindawo zisengozini enkulu emiphumeleni yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Kuhloliwe ukukhishwa kwegesi
Ukuhlaziya ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okukhishelwa emkhathini, kukhethwe okubaluleke kakhulu: i-carbon dioxide, i-nitrous oxide ne-methane. Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kuhlotshaniswe nakho izinguquko ezehlukene ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba ezitholwe yilezi zindawos. Lokhu kuvamile ezindaweni zezolimo lapho kusetshenziswa amasu anjenge "slash and burn". Lokhu kushiswa kwezinhlanga okusetshenziswa ngokwesiko ngenxa yokushoda kolwazi noma ezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza kukhiqiza ukukhishwa okwengeziwe kwe-CO2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zindlela zisasetshenziswa ngenxa yokushoda kohlelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla.
Okunye ukusakazeka kokukhishwa kwegesi emkhathini kuvela ukufakwa kwezinsalela zezitshalo kanye nokusetshenziswa komquba kanye nomanyolo wokwenziwa. Ukukhishwa kweMethane kukhiqizwa, ikakhulukazi, ezitshalweni ezigcwele amanzi njengelayisi kanye nasezindundumeni zomuhlwa ezifana nezwe lase-Afrika.
Ngokuqondene ne-nitrous oxide, ikhishwa emkhathini ngokusebenza kuxhunyaniswe nokukhulelwa.
Amacala ahlaziyiwe
Izitshalo zesundu zase-Afrika eBenin ziye zahlaziywa futhi kubonakala ukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kuvela U-30% wendawo yezimpande. Kepha kuye kwabonwa ukuthi ukuthambekela kokunyusa ukukhishwa kwegesi kwenzeka lapho inhlabathi isomile noma inomswakama omncane kakhulu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kufinyelela kuma-80%.
Yenza imikhuba yezolimo
Ukunciphisa lezi zinkinga zokukhishwa, kunezindawo zase-Afrika lapho lezo zenziwa khona imikhuba yezolimo. Bezisebenza kahle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezinsizakusebenza abanazo (ikakhulukazi umquba) futhi benze ukuthi imindeni ikwazi ukuziphilisa ngezindawo ezingekho kakhulu futhi iphinde isebenzise umquba, izinsalela zezitshalo futhi ngendlela efanele nangokukhishwa okuphansi.
Ngokusetshenziswa kwalezi zinsizakusebenza, umjikelezo wento namandla kuvaliwe ngenkathi isilwane sidla, sikhiqiza umquba othile bese siphinda sibuyiselwa ohlelweni lokukhiqiza ukudla olunokulahleka okumbalwa.