Inqubo ye i-pyrolysis noma i-pyrolytic, eyaziwa nangokuthi, inqubo lapho ukuchithwa kwe-biomass kukhiqizwa khona ngesenzo sokushisa ngaphandle kwesidingo se-oxygen, okungukuthi, kwenzeka endaweni eyomile ngokuphelele. Imikhiqizo eyakhiwe ngenxa ye-pyrolysis ingaba izinto eziqinile, uketshezi namagesi, futhi ihambisane nemikhiqizo efana namalahle noma amalahle, itiyela futhi ekugcineni imikhiqizo eyaziwayo yamagesi noma umhwamuko wamalahle. Le nqubo ingenzeka yodwa emvelweni noma ndawonye ngesikhathi sokusha noma i-gasification.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana ne-pyrolysis, izici zayo nokubaluleka kwayo.
Izici eziyinhloko
I-Pyrolysis yindlela yokwelapha ye-thermochemical leyo Ingasetshenziswa kunoma yimuphi umkhiqizo we-organic based based carbon. Izinto ezibonakalayo zivezwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, lapho ungekho umoya-mpilo, ukuze zihlukaniswe ngamakhemikhali nangokomzimba zibe ama-molecule ahlukene.
I-Pyrolysis iwuhlobo lwe-thermolysis futhi ingachazwa njengokubola okushisayo okudlulayo lapho ungekho umoya-mpilo noma uhlobo oluthile lwe-reagent. Ukubola okwenzekayo kungavela ochungechungeni oluyinkimbinkimbi lokusabela kwamakhemikhali kanye nezinqubo zokushisa nokudlulisa okukhulu. Kungabuye kuchazwe njengezinyathelo ezenzeka ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-gasification kanye nokusha.
Uma kwenzeka ngendlela yayo eyeqisayo, i-carbon kuphela esele njengensalela, ebizwa ngokuthi i-charring. Nge-pyrolysis singathola imikhiqizo ehlukene yesibili ewusizo emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe. Imikhiqizo ye-Pyrolysis ihlale ikhiqiza amagesi aqinile njengekhabhoni, uketshezi kanye namagesi angacondensable njenge-H2, CH4, CnHm, CO, CO2 kanye ne-N. Njengoba isigaba se-liquid sikhishwa kuphela kugesi we-pyrolysis ngesikhathi sokupholisa, imifudlana emibili yegesi ingasetshenziswa ndawonye kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ama-syngas ashisayo enikezwa khona ngqo kumshini wokushisa noma we-oxidation.
Izinhlobo ze-pyrolysis
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene ze-pyrolysis kuye ngezimo zomzimba lapho kwenziwa khona:
- I-Aqueous pyrolysis: Leli gama lisetshenziswa uma kudingekile ukubhekisela ku-pyrolysis eyenzeka lapho kukhona amanzi, njengokuqhekeka kwe-steam yamafutha noma i-thermal depolymerization yezinsalela ze-organic emafutheni asindayo aluhlaza.
- I-Vacuum Pyrolysis: Lolu hlobo lwe-vacuum pyrolysis lubandakanya ukushisisa izinto eziphilayo ku-vacuum ukuze kuzuzwe amaphuzu abilayo aphansi futhi kugwenywe ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okungekuhle.
Inqubo okwenzeka ngayo i-pyrolysis ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu, kanje:
- Esigabeni sokuqala kukhona ukubola kancane ngokukhiqizwa kwamanzi amancane, ama-oxide e-carbon, i-hydrogen ne-methane. Lokhu kubola kwenzeka ngenxa yokuphulwa kwezibopho ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwenqubo kanye nokukhululwa kwamagesi abanjwe emalahleni.
- Isigaba sesibili sibizwa isigaba esisebenzayo sokubola okushisayo. Izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka phakathi nalesi sigaba futhi ama-molecule ekhabhoni abhidlika ajule, akhe ama-hydrocarbons acondezekayo kanye netiyela. Lesi sigaba siqala ku-360º C futhi siphela lapho sifinyelela izinga lokushisa elicishe libe ngu-560º C.
- Isigaba sokugcina senzeka emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-600ºC futhi sibonakala ngokushabalala kancane kancane kwe-hydrogen namanye ama-heteroatom.
Iyini i-pyrolysis esetshenziselwa ekhishini?
Uma sisekhishini, kudingeka sibe namathuluzi adingekayo ukuze senze ukuphila kwethu kube lula, futhi ukuba nohhavini wesimanje kulungele lokho. Njengamanje kukhona uhla lwamahhavini anomsebenzi wokuzihlanza, obizwa nge-pyrolysis ovens, umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukukwazi ukuzihlanza.
Lolu hlobo lwamahhavini Banamandla okuphakamisa izinga lokushisa lifike ku-500 ° C, ukubola kwezinsalela zokudla ngaphakathi, ukuziphendulela zibe umusi noma umlotha, futhi nokuqeda iphunga elimnandi ngemva kokupheka ngaphakathi kuhhavini. Okungukuthi, ukudla kusasele, ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphakeme, kuguqule izinto eziphilayo zibe isikhutha, okuthi, lapho siguqulwa sibe amanzi, sihwamuke; ngokufanayo, izinto ezingaphili ziphenduka umlotha lapho zichayeke kulelo zinga lokushisa.
Le nqubo ingathatha amahora angu-1 kuye kwamane., kuye ngokuthi uhlelo luhlanzekile kangakanani, ekugcineni simane sihlanze ihhavini ngendwangu emanzi bese siqoqa umlotha. Ngale ndlela, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali engaba yingozi empilweni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuyaqedwa.
Izinzuzo kumahhavini nokubaluleka kwemvelo
Ukuba nohhavini osivumela ukuthi songe isikhathi nemali, ukwenza i-pyrolysis kuletha izinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- Ngaphandle kokungabaza, inzuzo eyinhloko umsebenzi wokuzihlanza.
- Kuyinto yemvelo njengoba inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ukuhlanza ihhavini.
- Ngokwezibalo zamanani kagesi zeKhomishini Yezamandla Kazwelonke, izindleko zikagesi ziphansi ngoba udla amasenti angu-0,39 kuphela.
- Yenziwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ukuvikela ifenisha kusuka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
- Lapho isithando somlilo sifinyelela izinga lokushisa elingu-500 °C, isicabha sikahhavini siyakhiya futhi uhhavini uyazihlanza ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi.
- Akhululekile futhi asebenza kahle kunohhavini bendabuko.
- Ingahlelwa ukuthi iqale i-pyrolysis ngezikhathi lapho izindleko zikagesi ziphansi kakhulu.
I-pyrolysis ibalulekile ngoba isiza ukulawula ukungcoliswa komoya okuhambisana nokushiswa.. Kuphinde kusize ekunciphiseni inani lemfucuza engenayo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemfucuza eyinyumba, okunweba isikhathi sendawo yokulahla imfucumfucu futhi kuthuthukise izinga lendawo yokulahla imfucumfucu. Okokugcina, kuphinde kube yindlela yokuguqula ingxenye yemfucuza ibe uphethiloli ogcinekayo futhi othuthwayo.
Mayelana ne-pyrolysis ye-lignin, nayo eyingxenye yokhuni, ikhiqiza izinhlanganisela ezinamakha kanye nokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephezulu, cishe i-55% esimweni se-cellulose kanye ne-20% endabeni kawoyela wokhuni, 15% insalela yetiyela kanye negesi engu-10%.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi i-biomass yehlathi i-pyrolyzed, izakhiwo zayo zinomthelela omkhulu kakhulu kumkhiqizo owumphumela. Isibonelo, indima yomswakama iwukunciphisa isivuno senqubo yokushaja ngoba ukushisa kuyadingeka ukuze kuhwamuke amanzi kanye nokukhiqiza ikhabhoni enqamukayo kakhulu kunalapho i-biomass inomswakama ophansi. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi umswakama we-biomass usondele ku-10%. Ukuminyana kwe-feedstock yokuqala nakho kuthinta ikhwalithi yekhabhoni ezokwakhiwa nge-pyrolysis, futhi izinsalela zehlathi ziyanconywa ngekhabhoni yekhwalithi ephezulu.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-pyrolysis nezici zayo.