I-hydrogen eluhlaza ibe ngenye yezinsika eziyisisekelo ze-EU Recovery Fund. Ezinye izimali zizoba yiphakethe lezikhuthazo elikhulu kunawo wonke ake akhokhelwa ngesabelomali se-EU, ngenaliti ephelele yezomnotho eyi-1.8 trillion euros esetshenziselwe ukwakha kabusha iYurophu ngemuva kwe-COVID-19. Ukuguqulwa kwamandla kungenye yezimbazo zalokhu kululama, okuyi-30% yesabelomali eyabelwe ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Yilapho i- i-hydrogen oluhlaza iqala ukuthola isikhundla, ihehe inzalo eyengeziwe futhi iyibeke enkulumweni yomphakathi njengenye yezinsika eziyisisekelo zokuhlukaniswa kwezomnotho. Kodwa iyini ngempela i-hydrogen eluhlaza?
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi iyini i-hydrogen eluhlaza, yiziphi izici zayo nokubaluleka kwayo.
Yini i-hydrogen eluhlaza
I-Hydrogen iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali egcwele kakhulu emhlabeni, kepha inenkinga: ayitholakali ngokukhululekile emvelweni (ngokwesibonelo, emadamini), kepha ihlala ihlangana nezinye izinto (ngokwesibonelo, emanzini, i-H2O noma i-methane, I-CH4). Ngakho-keUkuze isetshenziswe kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla, kufanele iqale ikhishwe, okusho ukuthi, ihlukaniswe nezinye izinto.
Ukwenza lokhu kwehlukaniswa nokuthola i-hydrogen yamahhala, kuyadingeka ukwenza izinqubo ezithile namandla asetshenziswayo kuzo. Lokhu kuchaza i-hydrogen njengomphathi wamandla, kunokuba kube amandla noma uphethiloli oyinhloko abantu abaningi abawucabangayo. I-hydrogen eluhlaza ingumthwali wamandla, hhayi umthombo oyinhloko wamandla. Ngamanye amagama, i-hydrogen yinto engagcina amandla, engakhishwa ngendlela elawulwayo kwenye indawo. Ngakho-ke, ingafaniswa namabhethri e-lithium agcina ugesi, esikhundleni sezinto zokubasa ezinjengegesi yemvelo.
Ikhono le-Hydrogen lokulwa nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu lilele emandleni alo okushintsha amafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi lapho kufakwa izicelo lapho ukwenziwa kwe-decarbonization kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengokuhamba olwandle nokuthuthwa komoya noma izinqubo ezithile zezimboni. Yini enye, inamandla amakhulu njengohlelo lokugcina amandla lwesizini (isikhathi eside), esinganqwabelana amandla isikhathi eside, bese siyisebenzisa lapho sifunwa.
Umsuka nezinhlobo ze-hydrogen
Njengegesi engenambala, iqiniso ukuthi lapho sikhuluma nge-hydrogen, imvamisa sisebenzisa amagama agqamile kakhulu ukuyiveza. Iningi lenu selizwile nge-hydrogen green, grey, blue, njll. Umbala obelwe i-hydrogen umane uyilebula esetshenziselwa ukuluhlukanisa ngokuya ngemvelaphi yalo nenani lesikhutha elikhishwe ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwalo. Ngamanye amagama, indlela elula yokuqonda ukuthi "ihlanzekile" kanjani:
- I-hydrogen ensundu: Itholakala ngokukhipha amalahle, futhi ngenkathi kwenziwa inqubo kukhishwa isikhutha. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi yi-black hydrogen.
- I-hydrogen empunga: etholwe ekuguqulweni kwegesi yemvelo. Njengamanje ingumkhiqizo ogcwele kakhulu futhi oshibhe kakhulu, yize izindleko kulindeleke ukuthi zikhuphuke ngenxa yentengo yamalungelo okuphuma kwesikhutha. Ukukhiqizwa kwethoni eli-1 lomlotha ongu-H2 kuzokhipha amathani ayi-9 kuye kwayi-12 e-CO2.
- I-hydrogen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: Iphinde ikhiqizwe ngokuguqula igesi yemvelo, umehluko ukuthi ingxenye noma konke ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kugwenywa ngohlelo lokuthwebula ikhabhoni. Kamuva, le carbon dioxide ingasetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto zokubasa zokwenziwa, ngokwesibonelo.
- I-hydrogen eluhlaza: Itholakala ngokufaka ugesi ngamanzi kusetshenziswa ugesi ovela emithonjeni yamandla evuselelekayo. Kubiza kakhulu, kepha njengoba izindleko zamandla avuselelekayo nama-electrolyzers zehla, intengo yayo kulindeleke ukuthi yehle kancane kancane. Olunye uhlobo lwe-hydrogen eluhlaza lukhiqizwa kusuka kuma-biogas kusetshenziswa imfucuza yemfuyo, yezolimo kanye / noma kamasipala.
Eqinisweni, inqubo yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen eluhlaza ayinzima nhlobo: i-electrolysis imane isebenzise amandla kagesi ukudiliza amanzi (H2O) abe yi-oxygen (O2) ne-hydrogen (H2). Inselelo yangempela ukuncintisana, okudinga ugesi omningi oshibhile ovuselelekayo (olungiswa kancane noma kancane), nobuchwepheshe beseli obusebenzayo nobusabekayo be-electrolysis.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza
Ngokwethiyori, enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokwenza umnotho ube yikharamu ukuzama ukufaka ugesi kulo lonke uhlelo lwamandla. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri nogesi abunakwenzeka, kuya ngohlelo. Eziningi zazo, i-hydrogen eluhlaza ingathatha indawo yamandla okubasa, yize kungebona bonke abavuthiwe noma abalula:
Esikhundleni salokho, sebenzisa i-hydrogen ensundu nempunga. Isinyathelo sokuqala kufanele kube ukufaka esikhundleni sayo yonke i-fossil hydrogen esetshenziswa njengamanje embonini, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe nokunciphisa izindleko. Inselelo ayincane: isidingo somhlaba wonke se-hydrogen esivela ekukhiqizeni ugesi sizosebenzisa i-3.600 TWh, ngaphezulu kokukhiqizwa okuphelele konyaka kukagesi we-EU. Lokhu ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza:
- Imboni esindayo. Abathengi abakhulu bensimbi, usimende, izinkampani zamakhemikhali kanye nezinye izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi azitholakali kalula noma zingenzeka ngqo.
- Isitolo samandla. Akungabazeki ukuthi lokhu kungenye yezicelo ezithembisa kakhulu i-hydrogen: njengohlelo lokugcina amandla lwonyaka. Ngokwanda okukhulayo kwamandla avuselelekayo, sizobona ukuthi izindleko zikagesi zishibhile ngempela, futhi kuzoba nensalela ngoba ayikho indawo yokuwudla. Yilapho kuzosebenza khona i-hydrogen, engakhiqizwa ngentengo ephansi bese isetshenziselwa ukufuna noma yikuphi ukufaka isicelo, kungaba ukukhiqizwa kwamandla noma olunye uhlelo.
- Ezokuthutha. Ezokuthutha ngokungangabazeki zingenye yezicelo ezithembisa kakhulu i-hydrogen. Ekuthuthweni okulula kwanamuhla, amabhethri ayawunqoba lo mncintiswano, kepha abanye abakhiqizi (ikakhulukazi iJapan) bayaqhubeka nokwenza izinhlobo zabo zamaseli kaphethiloli futhi imiphumela iya ngokuya ithembisa.
- Ukushisa. Ukushisa kwasekhaya kanye nasezimbonini kuyisigaba esingafakwa ugesi ngaso sonke isikhathi (amaphampu okushisa awahlali njalo), futhi i-hydrogen ingaba yisixazululo esinqunyiwe. Ngokwengeziwe, ingqalasizinda ekhona (njengamanethiwekhi egesi yemvelo) angasetshenziselwa ukukhuphula isidingo. Eqinisweni, ukuxubana kuze kufike kuma-20% ngevolumu i-hydrogen kunethiwekhi ekhona yegesi yemvelo kudinga ukuguqulwa okuncane kunethiwekhi yomsebenzisi wokugcina noma izinto zikagesi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-hydrogen eluhlaza nokusetshenziswa kwayo.