Esihlokweni esedlule bengikhuluma ngaso amandla we-geothermal futhi ngaphawula ukuthi amandla avuselelekayo akhona kulomhlaba, akhona aziwa kangcono futhi asetshenzisiwe, njengamandla elanga nomoya, kanti amanye awaziwa kangako (kwesinye isikhathi cishe awabizwa ngamagama) njengamandla we-geothermal lokho kwe-biomass.
Amandla we-biomass noma abizwa nangokuthi bioenergy yaziwa kancane futhi isetshenzisiwe kunezinye izinhlobo zamandla avuselelekayo. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizokwazi konke okuphathelene nalolu hlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalo okungenzeka.
Yini i-biomass energy noma i-bioenergy?
Amandla we-Biomass uhlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo atholakala ngalo ukushisa kwamakhemikhali atholakala ngenqubo yemvelo. Ziyizinsalela eziphilayo ezifana nokusika izihlahla, amatshe omnqumo, amagobolondo enati, izinsalela zokhuni, njll. Lokho kuvela emvelweni. Ungasho ukuthi kungukuchitha kwendalo.
Lezi zinsalela eziphilayo zishiswa yi ukushisa okuqondile noma kungaguqulwa kwamanye amafutha njengotshwala, i-methanol noma uwoyela, futhi ngaleyo ndlela sithola amandla. Ngodoti wemvelo singathola futhi ama-biogas.
Imithombo ehlukile yokuthola i-bioenergy
Isici esiyinhloko se-bioenergy ukuthi uhlobo lwe amandla avuselelweko futhi, ngakho-ke, iyagcinwa emphakathini nokusetshenziswa kwayo kwamandla. Njengoba ngike ngasho phambilini, la mandla atholakala ngokusha kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemfucumfucu, kungaba yihlathi noma ezolimo, obekungeke kusetshenziswe nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, sizobona ukuthi iziphi izinhlobo zemithombo ye-biomass ezisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwe-bioenergy nokuthi zisetshenziselwa ini:
- I-Bioenergy ingatholakala nge izitshalo zamandla ezihloselwe yona kuphela. Lezi ezinye zezinhlobo zezitshalo kuze kube manje ezazingenamsebenzi wokudla okunempilo noma impilo yomuntu, kepha ezingabakhiqizi abahle be-biomass. Kungakho sisebenzisa lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo zezitshalo ukukhiqiza i-bioenergy.
- I-Bioenergy ingatholakala futhi ngokuhlukile imisebenzi yokuxhashazwa kwamahlathi, lapho izinsalela zehlathi zingenakusetshenziswa noma zithengiswe kweminye imisebenzi. Ukuhlanza lezi zinsalela zehlathi kunenzuzo yokuthi, ngaphezu kokufaka isandla ekuhlanzweni kwezindawo nasekukhiqizweni kwamandla asimeme, kugwema imililo engaba khona ngenxa yokushiswa kwezinsalela.
- Omunye umthombo wokungcola ekukhiqizeni i-bioenergy kungaba ukusetshenziswa kwe- linqubo yezimboni imfucuza. Lokhu kungavela ekubazeni noma ezimbonini ezisebenzisa ukhuni njengezinto zokusetshenziswa. Kungabuye kuqhamuke kudoti olahlwayo onjengemigodi yeminqumo noma amagobolondo e-alimondi.
Akhiqizwa kanjani amandla e-biomass?
Amandla atholakala ngezinsalela zemvelo akhiqizwa ngomlilo wawo. Lokhu kuvutha kwenzeka ku ama-boilers lapho okokusebenza kusha khona kancane kancane. Le nqubo ikhiqiza umlotha ongasetshenziswa kamuva futhi usetshenziswe njengomquba. I-accumulator nayo ingafakwa ukuze ikwazi ukugcina ukushisa okweqile okwenziwe futhi ikwazi ukusebenzisa lawo mandla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ama-boilers we-Biomass
Imikhiqizo eyinhloko etholakala ku-biomass
Ngodoti ophilayo, okokubasa okufana nalokhu:
- Ama-biofuels: Lokhu kutholakala kuzo zombili izinsalela zezilwane nezitshalo. Uhlobo lwalezi zinsalela luyavuseleleka, okungukuthi, lukhiqizwa njalo emvelweni futhi aluphelelwa amandla. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-biofuels kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukufaka esikhundleni sikaphethiloli wezinsalela ezitholwe kuwoyela. Ukuze kutholakale i-biofuel, kungasetshenziswa izinhlobo zezolimo, njengombila nomdumbula, noma izitshalo ezi-oleaginous ezifana nobhontshisi, ubhekilanga noma izintende. Izinhlobo zehlathi ezifana no-eucalyptus kanye nemipini nazo zingasetshenziswa. Inzuzo yezemvelo yokusebenzisa ama-biofuels ukuthi yakha umjikelezo wekhabhoni ovaliwe. Lokho wukuthi, ikhabhoni ekhishwa ngesikhathi somlilo we-biofuel ibivele imuncwe yizitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula nokukhiqizwa kwazo. Yize lokhu okwamanje kuxoxwa ngakho ngoba ibhalansi ye-CO2 emunce futhi ikhishwe ayinakulinganiswa.
- I-Biodiesel: Le enye i-biofuel ewuketshezi ekhiqizwa emithonjeni evuselelekayo neyasekhaya njengamafutha yemifino noma amafutha ezilwane. Ayinayo i-petroleum, iyabola futhi ayinobuthi ngoba ayinayo i-sulfur ne-carcinogenic compounds.
- I-Bioethanol: Lo uphethiloli ukhiqizwa ngenxa yokuvutshelwa kanye nokuhluzwa kwesitashi okuqukethwe ku-biomass, ngaphambili eyayikhishwa yizinqubo ze-enzymatic. Kutholakala ngalezi zinto zokusetshenziswa ezilandelayo: isitashi namabele (ukolweni, ummbila, i-rye, umdumbula, amazambane, irayisi) noshukela (ama-molasses kamoba, ama-beet molasses, isiraphu kashukela, i-fructose, i-whey).
- Ama-Biogas: Le gesi ingumkhiqizo wokubola kwe-anaerobic kwezinto eziphilayo. Ekulahlweni komhlaba, ama-biogas akhishwa ngesekethe lepayipi ukuze lisetshenziswe kamuva.
Isetshenziselwani i-biomass futhi isetshenziselwani endaweni yethu?
Ngokuvamile nangokucishe kufane namandla we-geothermal, i-biomass isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ukushisa. Ezingeni lezimboni singathola ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu kushisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi, yize kunzima kakhulu futhi kuyabiza. Ukuze kusizakale ukushisa okubangelwa ukushisa kukadoti ophilayo, ama-biomass boilers afakwa emakhaya ukuze afudumeze futhi afudumeze namanzi.
Ensimini yethu, iSpain is in indawo yesine emazweni asebenzisa inani eliphakeme kakhulu le-biomass. ISpain ingumholi waseYurophu ekukhiqizeni i-bioethanol. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi i-biomass eSpain iyafinyelela cishe i-45% yokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo. I-Andalusia, iGalicia neCastilla y León yimiphakathi ezimele esetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuba khona kwezinkampani ezidla i-biomass. Ukuvela kokusetshenziswa kwe-biomass kudala izinketho ezintsha zobuchwepheshe futhi kuya ngokuya kuthuthukiswa ukuze kusetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni amandla kagesi.
Ama-boilers we-Biomass nokusebenza kwawo
Ama-boiler we-biomass asetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla we-biomass kanye nokwenziwa kokushisa emakhaya nasezakhiweni. Basebenzisa izinto zokubasa zemvelo njengomthombo wamandla njenge amapeleti ezinkuni, imigodi yeminqumo, izinsalela zehlathi, amagobolondo wamantongomane, njll. Zisetshenziselwa ukufudumeza amanzi emakhaya nasezakhiweni.
Ukusebenza kuyefana nokwanoma iyiphi enye i-boiler. Lawa ma-boilers ashisa uphethiloli futhi akhiqize ilangabi elingenhla elingena ekujikelezeni kwamanzi endaweni yokushisa, ngaleyo ndlela lithole amanzi ashisayo ohlelo. Ukwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwe-boiler nezinsizakusebenza eziphilayo njengamafutha, kungafakwa i-accumulator egcina ukushisa okukhiqizwa ngendlela efanayo nokuthi ama-solar panel enza kanjani.
Ama-biomass boilers wezakhiwo. Umthombo: http://www.solarsostenible.org/tag/calderas-biomasa/
Ukuze ugcine udoti wezinto eziphilayo ozosetshenziswa njengophethiloli, ama-boilers kudingeka isitsha sokugcina. Kusuka kuleso sitsha, kusetshenziswa isikulufa esingapheli noma sokudonsa, kuyisa kubhayela, lapho kwenzeka khona umlilo. Lo mlilo uvutha umlotha okufanele uchithulwe izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka bese unqwabelana esitsheni somlotha.
Izinhlobo zama-biomass boilers
Lapho sikhetha ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwama-boilers we-biomass esizothenga futhi siwasebenzise, kufanele sihlaziye uhlelo lokugcina kanye nohlelo lokuthutha nokuphatha. Amanye ama-boilers vumela ukushisa ngaphezu kohlobo olulodwa lukaphethiloli, kanti ezinye (njengama-boiler we-pellet) zivumela kuphela uhlobo olulodwa lukaphethiloli ukuthi lushise.
Ama-boilers avumela ukushiswa kwesidingo sikaphethiloli esingaphezu kwesisodwa ukwanda komthamo wesitoreji ngoba zinosayizi omkhulu namandla. Lezi zivame ukuhloselwa ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi siyamtholanjengama-boilers we-pellet okuvame kakhulu amandla aphakathi nendawo futhi asetshenziselwa ukufudumeza namanzi ashisayo asekhaya kusetshenziswa ama-accumulator emakhaya afinyelela kuma-500 m2.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa amandla we-biomass
Phakathi kwezinzuzo esizithola ekusetshenzisweni kwe-biomass njengamandla esinawo:
- Kungamandla angavuseleleka. Sikhuluma ngokusetshenziswa kwemfucuza eyenziwe yimvelo ukukhiqiza amandla. Yingakho sinomthombo ongapheli wamandla, ngoba imvelo idala lezi zinhlobo zemfucuza ngokuqhubekayo.
- Kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ukukhishwa esikukhiqizayo ngesikhathi sokushisa kwabo bekuminyene phambilini yizitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula nokukhiqizwa kwazo. Lokhu kuyimpikiswano namuhla, ngoba ibhalansi ye-CO2 ekhishwe futhi yangena ayilinganisiwe.
Isitshalo sokwelashwa kweBiomass. Umthombo: http://www.fundacionsustrai.org/incineracion-biomasa
- Intengo yemakethe iphansi. Lokusetjentiswa kwemandla lokucuketfwe ku-biomass kuyonga kakhulu uma kucatsaniswa ne-fuels. Imvamisa kubiza ingxenye yesithathu engaphansi.
- IBiomass iyinsiza eningi emhlabeni jikelele. Cishe kuzo zonke izindawo emhlabeni, kudalwa imfucuza evela emvelweni futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile, izingqalasizinda ezinkulu azidingeki ukuletha imfucuza lapho iqhuma khona umlilo.
Ububi bokusebenzisa amandla e-biomass
Okubi kokusebenzisa la mandla kuncane, kepha kufanele kubhekwe:
- Kwezinye izindawo, ngenxa yezimo ezinzima kakhulu zokukhishwa kwe-biomass, kungabiza. Lokhu futhi kuvame ukwenzeka kumaphrojekthi wokusebenzisa afaka ukuqoqwa, ukucubungulwa kanye nokugcinwa kwezinye izinhlobo ze-biomass.
- Kudingeka izindawo ezinkulu yezinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukuthola amandla we-biomass, ikakhulukazi ukugcinwa, ngoba izinsalela zivame ukuba namandla amancane.
- Kwesinye isikhathi ukusetshenziswa kwala mandla kungadala ukulimala emvelweni noma ukuhlukaniswa ngenxa yemisebenzi yokuqoqwa kwe-biomass kanye nokuguqulwa kwezikhala zemvelo ukuthola izinsiza.
Ngale mibono ungaba nombono obanzi walolu hlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi ngizokutshela kabanzi ngezinhlobo zama-boilers e-biomass, ukusebenza kwawo, izinhlobo zawo kanye nobuhle bawo, nangempikiswano eshiwo ngenhla mayelana nokukhishwa emkhathini.