Engqungqutheleni Yesimo Sezulu iBonn, kwavela isivumelwano esaziwa kancane kunezinye, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu. Lesi sivumelwano senziwe phakathi kwamazwe ayi-19 akha i-Biofuture Platform. Lawa mazwe ayi-19 aqukethe uhhafu wabantu emhlabeni futhi abhekele ama-37% omnotho womhlaba. Bazibophezele ekwandiseni inani le-bioenergy esimeme ekhona ikakhulukazi kwezokuthutha.
Inhloso yalesi sivumelwano ukukhulisa inani lezinto eziphilayo ekuthuthweni kusuka ku-4,5% ngo-2015 kuya ku-17% ngo-2060. Yini la mazwe okufanele ayenze ukufeza lokhu?
Khulisa i-bioenergy
Emhlabeni jikelele, kuyadingeka ukukhuphula inani lamandla avuselelekayo atholakalayo ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa futhi ngaleyo ndlela kungafinyeleli ekukhuleni kwamazinga amabili emazingeni okushisa aphakathi komhlaba. Lokhu yilokhu okuzama ekuguqulweni kwamandla, okuholela umhlaba wamandla ubheke kulabo abangangcolisi.
Umbiko we i-International Energy Agency (IEA) uthembela ukuthi i-bioenergy iyakwazi ukusiza ukufeza izinhloso zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi, okwenza ukuthi amazinga okushisa aphakathi komhlaba angakhuphuki ngaphezu kwamazinga amabili lapho, ngokusho komphakathi wezesayensi, izinguquko ezenzakalweni zemvelo kanye nokuzinza kweplanethi kungeke kulungiswe futhi okungaqondakali.
Lo mkhawulo wokwenyuka kwamazinga okushisa uzama ukutholakala ngokuxoxisana kweSivumelwano SaseParis. Ngakho-ke, ukwanda kwamandla avuselelekayo kulezo zingxenye zomnotho nakubantu lapho kukhishwa khona amagesi amaningi agcina ukushisa, kuzonciphisa ukungcola, ngakho-ke, ngeke kwenyuse izinga lokushisa.
I-Bioenergy kulindeleke ukuthi ikwazi ukuhlinzeka cishe i-17% yazo zonke izidingo zokugcina zamandla ngo-2060, uyiqhathanisa no-4,5% ngonyaka wezi-2015. Ukuze kube yiqiniso futhi kusungulwe izibalo ezifanele, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi isidingo sezokuthutha sizokhula ngokuphindwe kayishumi kulowo nyaka nokuthi ezokuthutha zingenye yemithombo yokukhishwa komhlaba wonke. Ukubhekana nokuncishiswa kwamagesi angcolisayo asuka ezokuthutha, ukuphakelwa kwamanje kwezinto ezibonakalayo zokwenziwa kwama-biofuels kuzodingeka kwandiswe kahlanu.
Bika iziphetho nezinyathelo ezithathiwe
Umbiko ufinyelela eziphethweni eziningana ezibalulekile: Yize kunokuhlukahluka okuningi kubuchwepheshe obuhlobene namandla obutholakalayo kwezentengiselwano, inani le-bioenergy elisetshenziselwa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zikagesi, ukushisa kanye nezinto zokuhamba kuncane kakhulu kunalokho obekudingeka esimweni samaplanethi lapho kwenziwa khona umzamo wokugwema ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa aphakathi kwamadigri amabili.
Ukunciphisa izinkinga zokushoda ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto eziphilayo ezakhiweni ezahlukahlukene zabantu, kwenziwa umzamo wokwenza umthelela okhethekile kula maphuzu alandelayo:
- Eyokuqala, futhi mhlawumbe ebaluleke kakhulu, ukusheshisa ijubane lapho ubuchwepheshe obusimeme bokuhamba nobuchwepheshe bokwenza izinto eziphilayo butholakala khona emakethe. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni ubuchwepheshe buthuthukiswe futhi buhlolwe ngaphambi kokubangenisa ohlelweni lwezomnotho. Ukufeza lokhu, kudingeka ubuchwepheshe obusha obususelwa enhlanganisweni yetheknoloji esele isivuthiwe kulo mongo kanye naleyo emisha evelayo engangena esikhundleni futhi ifeze imisebenzi efanayo yemakethe. Isibonelo, singathola ama-biofuels afana ne-cellulosic ethanol, i-hydrobiodiesel, njll.
- Ukubambisana kwamazwe omhlaba kuyinto esemqoka ukufeza izinhloso. Kubikwa ukuthi “ukubambisana kwamanje kufanele kwandiswe ukuze kubandakanye izinhlangano zamazwe omhlaba ezithuthukisa, ezemvelo nezezezimali ukuze kutholakale amathuba okusatshalaliswa kwezifunda nawendawo okusiza ukuhlangabezana Izinjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okuzinzile".
- Ipolitiki kumele ithintwe. Ngamanye amagama, kufanele kudalwe izinhlelo ezintsha ezivumela izinkampani ukuthi zitshale amandla avuselelekayo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yimali eningi kakhulu.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, amandla avuselelekayo adlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni amagesi abamba ukushisa kanye nokulwa nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.