Njengoba nje umuntu efuna imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo ukuze isebenze njengezinye izindlela izinto zokubasa, kwazalwa ama-biofuels. Enye yazo yi biomethane. I-Biomethane ivela kuma-biogas, atholakala ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezingxenye. Kodwa-ke, ukuze usebenzise le biogas, kufanele ihlanzwe. Le yindlela i-biomethane ezalwa ngayo.
Lapha sikutshela konke ngale biofuel.
Yini i-biomethane futhi ikhiqizwa kanjani
Kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya ukubaluleka kweminye imithombo yamandla emandleni angavuseleleki, ngoba ukungcoliswa komoya kubhebhethekisa imiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kancane kancane kufanele siye ekushintsheni kwamandla lapho imithombo yamandla ivela khona ngemvelaphi ehlukene futhi sithola ukuxubana okuphelele lapho amandla avuselelekayo ebaluleke kakhulu.
El biogas Yilelo elikhiqizwa ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zebhayoloji. Singayibona yakha izinsalela zezolimo njengezitshalo eziphakathi, umquba, utshani, njll. Iphinde yakhiwa ngodaka lwendle nokunye udoti ophilayo, owasekhaya nowezimboni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-biogas kuphezulu ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza ezilawulwayo. Kulezi zindawo okulahlwa kuzo udoti kwenziwa umzamo wokubeka izingqimba ezahlukahlukene zokungcwaba imfucuza nokwakha amapayipi okuzungeza umoya owenziwa lapho kubola udoti. Lo gesi ubizwa ngokuthi yi-biogas.
Kodwa-ke, le biogas ayinakusetshenziswa njengoba yakhiwa, kepha kufanele ihlanzwe kuqala. Ake sibheke imvelaphi yama-biogas ukuze sazi kahle ukuthi i-biomethane ivelaphi. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-biogas kwakhiwa kusuka kumphumela wokugaya i-anaerobic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, lapho kungekho umoya-mpilo. Kunamagciwane amaningi asebenza ngokudicilela phansi izinto eziphilayo futhi angadingi umoya-mpilo ukwenza kanjalo. Ngale nqubo kuvela igesi enamandla yokuqala engalashwa.
Ukwakheka kwaleli gesi kuphakathi kuka-50 no-75% wemethane nenye i-CO2 esele namanani amancane omphunga wamanzi, i-nitrogen, i-oxygen ne-hydrogen sulfide. Le gesi eyinhloko esakhiwe ingakhipha umhwamuko omncane wamanzi onazo zonke izingxenye ezincane ukuze ukwazi ukukhiqiza ukushisa nogesi.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze usebenzise i-biogas nganoma iyiphi indlela, njengokufakwa kwayo kwinethiwekhi yegesi yemvelo noma ukuyisebenzisa njengophethiloli ezimotweni, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubhekane nenqubo yokuhlanzwa yangaphambilini. Le nqubo iqukethe ukukhipha isikhutha esikweni sayo, ukuze iningi legesi libe yi-methane. Abaningi Imvamisa, igesi ekhihliwe iqukethe i-methane engu-96% futhi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezithile ezizosetshenziswa sengathi igesi yemvelo.
Kusukela ngomzuzu lapho igesi inalokhu kwakhiwa, isivele ibizwa nge-biomethane.
Ukusetshenziswa nokusimama
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-biomethane iyindlela evuselelekayo yezibaseli. Ukwakheka namandla alo kufana kakhulu negesi yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziselwa izinhloso ezifanayo. IBiomethane ingafakwa kumanethiwekhi kagesi futhi isetshenziswe njengegesi yemvelo ngezilinganiso ezahlukahlukene noma isetshenziswe njengophethiloli ezimotweni.
Ukukhiqizwa kwalo gesi kusimama kakhulu, ngoba kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto zokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kwenza izici zabo zemvelo zihluke kakhulu, kepha zisetshenziswa kangcono kunemithombo kaphethiloli. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza akukho ukungcola futhi, yize ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kukhona, ibhalansi ephelele iphansi kakhulu kunokuthi sisebenzisa igesi yemvelo ejwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-biomethane ivuselelwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Lapho usebenzisa ama-digestes, afana nomanyolo ophilayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenhlabathi, ukonga okukhulu ezindlekweni zokukhiqiza zeminye imanyolo yezimbiwa kuyatholakala. Ngale ndlela, sigwema ukukhishwa okuhambisana nokukhiqiza. Sibuyela ephuzwini ngaphambili, inani eliphelele lokukhishwa liphansi. Ukukunikeza umbono, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngokusetshenziswa kwamagayidi esikhundleni somanyolo wezimbiwa Ukukhishwa kwe-CO13 ngethani kungancishiswa kuze kufike ku-2 kg.
Izinzuzo zokusetshenziswa kwayo
Njengoba sibonile kuze kube manje, i-biomethane iyindlela enhle yamandla kokunye kokungavuseleleki. Kunezinzuzo eziningana ezinikezwa yile gesi. Ngokukodwa, enye yazo ukuthi ingumkhiqizo osebenzayo ngokombono wokubuka. Ingasetshenziswa kwingqalasizinda ekhona yegesi yemvelo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwakha entsha. Ososayensi bathi eyabo ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanzwa buvunyelwe ngokuphelele futhi buyaqhubeka.
Mayelana nezinzuzo zokusetshenziswa kwayo, ineqhaza ekuhlangabezaneni nezinhloso zesimo sezulu ngoba inciphisa inani lokukhishwa kwe-CO2. Lokhu kuletha ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yomoya futhi kunikeze amandla amakhulu okuzimela. Ngokuzimela okukhulu kwamandla kagesi akudingeki ukuthi sincike ekuthengeni amandla kwamanye amazwe ngoba siyakwazi ukuzenzela thina.
Enye inzuzo kungaba yimisebenzi eyenzayo ngesikhathi ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-biomethane ezindaweni zezolimo kanye nophethiloli owonga ugesi.
Ikhiqizwa kanjani i-biomethane eYurophu
Kunamazwe ayi-15 angamalungu e-European Union akhiqiza futhi asebenzise i-biomethane. Iningi lale biomethane lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ukushisa nogesi. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezokuthutha kuya ngokuya kubaluleke futhi kwenza indawo eningi ezimakethe. Isibonelo, eSweden sithola i-biomethane njengophethiloli onamaphesenti aphezulu okusetshenziswa kunegesi yemvelo. IJalimane nayo ikhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwaleli gesi kakhulu eminyakeni edlule.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi, ngo-2020, umthamo we-biogas ekhiqizayo uzokuba mkhulu kunama-cubic metres ayi-14 billion, okulingana negesi yemvelo. Le volumu ye-biomethane ngeke ibe nomthelela omubi epulazini elisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kokudla nokuphakelayo. Ekujikelezeni kwezitshalo nasekuvuseleleni kabusha izakhamzimba ku-ecosystem, ukukhiqiza kuthuthuka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kokugaya.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-biomethane nezici zayo.