Kukhona uphethiloli owenziwa kusuka ku-biomass weplanethi yethu futhi, ngakho-ke, uthathwa njengama-biofuels noma okokubasa okuvuselelekayo. Kulokhu, sizokhuluma nge-bioethanol.
I-Bioethanol yizinhlobonhlobo ze-biofuel ukuthi, ngokungafani nowoyela, akuyona ifosili ethathe izigidi zeminyaka ukwakheka. Imayelana ne- uphethiloli wemvelo ongashintsha ngokuphelele uphethiloli njengomthombo wamandla. Uma ufuna ukufunda konke okuphathelene ne-bioethanol, qhubeka ufunde 🙂
Inhloso yokusebenzisa i-biofuel
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-biofuels kunenhloso eyodwa eyinhloko: ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa emkhathini. Amagesi abamba ukushisa akwazi ukugcina ukushisa emkhathini nokwandisa amazinga okushisa aphakathi komhlaba. Lo mkhuba udala ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni ngemiphumela emibi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kumuntu akunakugwenywa. Noma kunjalo, la mandla angakwazi zivela emithonjeni evuselelekayo futhi ehlanzekile. Kulokhu, i-bioethanol isebenza njengophethiloli wezokuthutha esiza ukunciphisa lokhu kukhishwa kwegesi yokushisa okushisa ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kubuye kuthakazelise ngoba akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa ekusetshenzisweni kwayo, kepha futhi kunciphisa ukungeniswa okungahluziwe. Lapho i-bioethanol isetshenziswa njengophethiloli, sinikela ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi yezolimo neyezimboni, sandisa ukuzimela kwezwe lethu. Futhi ukuthi eSpain sinenkampani yokuqala yokuphayona eyadalelwa ukukhiqiza i-bioethanol ezingeni laseYurophu.
Ukuthola inqubo
I-Bioethanol, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, iqhuba imisebenzi yezolimo neyezimboni ngoba itholakala ukuvutshelwa kwezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-biomass enothe ngama-carbohydrate (ushukela, ikakhulukazi). Lezi zinto zokusetshenziswa ngokuvamile ziyizinhlamvu: okusanhlamvu, ukudla okunothe ngesitashi, izitshalo zikamoba kanye ne-pomace.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwezinto eziphilayo ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-bioethanol, imikhiqizo eyahlukahlukene ingakhiqizwa embonini yokudla namandla (yingakho ikwazi ukushayela le mikhakha yokukhiqiza). I-Bioethanol yaziwa nangokuthi yi-bioalcohol.
Yenzelwe ini?
Kusetshenziswa i-bioethanol ekushiseni kwasekhaya
Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko kufakwa esikhundleni sikaphethiloli ngqo. Kuvamise ukubizwa ngophethiloli oluhlaza okwehliswayo ekukhishweni komoya ongcolile. Ngokuvamile kufakwa uphethiloli ngoba ibonakala ngokuba nenombolo ephezulu ye-octane. Ukugwema ushintsho enjinini yemoto nokuthi ayiphazamiseki, ungasebenzisa i-bioethanol enophethiloli ongu-20%. Ngale ndlela, njalo lapho sidinga amalitha ayishumi kaphethiloli, ngokwesibonelo, singasebenzisa amalitha ayisishiyagalombili e-bioethanol namalitha amabili kuphela kaphethiloli.
Yize inenani eliphansi le-calorific kunophethiloli, isetshenziswa kaningi ukukhulisa inombolo ye-octane. Ukuphakama kwephethiloli ye-octane, ikhwalithi ephezulu ifaka isandla ekushayeleni nasekusebenzeni kahle okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, uphethiloli ongu-98 we-octane ubiza kakhulu kune-95 octane.
I-Bioethanol isetshenziswa njengophethiloli eBrazil, lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi kufakwe uphethiloli eziteshini zegesi. Lo uphethiloli awukhawulelwanga ekusetshenzisweni kwenkundla yezokuthutha kuphela, kodwa futhi Isetshenziselwa ukufudumeza nokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya.
Umthelela wezemvelo
Yize kuthiwa yi-biofuel noma uphethiloli oluhlaza, umthelela wayo kwezemvelo udala impikiswano phakathi kwabameli kanye nabaphikisi. Ngenkathi ukuvutha kwe-ethanol kubangela ukuphuma okungaphansi kwe-CO2 uma kuqhathaniswa nophethiloli otholakala kuphethiloli, i-bioethanol ezokhiqizwa ifaka ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Ukudla i-bioethanol emotweni yakho akusho ukuthi awunakho ukukhishwa, kepha ukuthi kuphansi. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqiza amandla we-bioethanol nawo ayadingeka, ngakho-ke ukukhishwa nakho kuyenziwa. Kunezifundo ezihlaziya ukubuya kwamandla okutshala imali (i-ERR) ye-bioethanol. Lokho wukuthi, inani lamandla elidingekayo ekukhiqizeni kwalo uma liqhathaniswa namandla elikwazi ukuwakhiqiza ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwalo. Uma umehluko unenzuzo futhi uqhathaniswa nokukhishwa okuphelele, i-bioethanol ingathathwa njengophethiloli onomthelela ophansi kwezemvelo.
I-Bioethanol nayo ingaba nomthelela kuyo amanani okudla nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ngoba kuncike ngokuphelele ezitshalweni ezishiwo ngenhla. Uma intengo ye-bioethanol ibiza kakhulu, amanani entengo yokudla ekuhambisa nayo azoba kakhulu.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza
Sizobona isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuthi i-bioethanol ikhiqizwa kanjani esitshalweni. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenzisiwe, inqubo yokukhiqiza iyahlukahluka. Izinyathelo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zingokulandelayo:
- Ukuhlanza. Kule nqubo, amanzi afakwa ukulungisa inani likashukela elidingekayo engxenyeni noma inani lotshwala kumkhiqizo. Lesi sigaba siyadingeka ukugwema ukuvinjelwa kokukhula kwemvubelo ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvutshelwa.
- Ukuguqulwa. Kule nqubo, isitashi noma i-cellulose ekhona entweni eluhlaza iguqulwa ibe ushukela ongabila. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, kufanele usebenzise imithombo noma usebenzise inqubo yokwelashwa ebizwa nge-acid hydrolysis.
- Ukuvutshelwa. Lesi yisinyathelo sokugcina sokukhiqizwa kwe-bioethanol. Kuyinkqubo ye-anaerobic lapho imvubelo (equkethe i-enzyme ebizwa nge-invertase esebenza njengesihluthulelo) isiza ukuguqula ushukela ube yi-glucose ne-fructose. Lokhu, nakho, kuphendula ngenye i-enzyme ebizwa ngeZymase ukukhiqiza i-ethanol ne-carbon dioxide.
Izinzuzo ze-bioethanol
Inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umkhiqizo ovuselelekayo, ngakho-ke azikho izinkinga zokutubeka kwakho esikhathini esizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomthelela ekwehleni kwamanje kwamafutha ezimbiwa kanye nokuncika kancane kuwo.
Inezinye izinzuzo ezinjenge:
- Ukungcoliswa okuncane kunamandla okubasa.
- Ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo ekukhiqizeni kwayo bulula, ngakho-ke noma yiliphi izwe emhlabeni lingabuthuthukisa.
- Ishisa i-cleaner, ikhiqiza umusi omncane ne-CO2 encane.
- Isebenza njengomkhiqizo we-antifreeze ezinjini, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuqala kwamakhaza, futhi kuvimbele nokuqandisa.
I-Bioethanol kufanele iguqulwe kancane kancane ibe uphethiloli osetshenziswe kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ezimbiwa kanye nokuncika kwayo.