Ukuze kugwenywe ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha aphethiloli akhuphula ukufudumala komhlaba ngenxa yokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, kwenziwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe nokuthuthuka kwezinye izinhlobo zemithombo yamandla ehlukile, njengamandla avuselelekayo njengoba siwazi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamandla avuselelekayo: i-solar, umoya, i-geothermal, i-hydroelectric, i-biomass, njll. Amandla avela kuma-biofuels, njenge biodiesel, ngumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo otholakala ezintweni eziphilayo ezingathatha indawo yezibaseli.
I-Biodiesel noma i-fatty acid methyl esters (i-FAME) ingakhiqizwa kusuka kumafutha ahlukahlukene kanye namafutha ngenqubo yokuqinisekisa, kufaka phakathi i-rapeseed ne-sunflower, ubhontshisi kanye nama-walnuts ngakolunye uhlangothi, namafutha namafutha asetshenziswa okunye. Le nqubo iqala ngokukhipha uwoyela ezitshalweni ezinamafutha. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi nge-biodiesel? Lapha sichaza konke kuwe.
Ukubaluleka kwama-biofuels
Kusukela ekuguqulweni kwezimboni, ubuntu bebulokhu busekela futhi buqhakambisa isayensi nobuchwepheshe ngamandla atholakala kumandla okubasa. Nguwoyela, amalahle negesi yemvelo. Yize ukusebenza kahle kwala mandla kuphezulu, la mafutha anqunyelwe futhi aphela ngezinga elisheshayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwala mafutha kuzokhiqiza ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa emkhathini, ngaleyo ndlela kugcine ukushisa okwengeziwe emkhathini futhi kubangele ukushisa komhlaba kanye nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ngalezi zizathu, abantu bazama ukuthola eminye imithombo yamandla ukusiza ukuqeda izinkinga ezihambisana nokusebenzisa izibaseli. Kulokhu, ama-biofuels athathwa njengomthombo wamandla avuselelekayo ngoba akhiqizwa kusuka ku-biomass wezinto zezitshalo. Tshala i-biomass, ngokungafani nowoyela, akuthathi izigidi zeminyaka ukukhiqizakunalokho, ikwenza ngesilinganiso esilawulwa ngabantu. Ama-biofuels nawo avame ukukhiqizwa kusuka ezitshalweni ezingatshalwa kabusha. Phakathi kwama-biofuels esinawo i-ethanol ne-biodiesel.
Yini i-biodiesel
I-Biodiesel olunye uhlobo lwe-biofuel, enziwe ngamafutha emifino amasha futhi asetshenzisiwe namanye amafutha ezilwane. Njengoba abantu abaningi beqala ukukhiqiza uphethiloli wabo emakhaya ukugwema ukusebenzisa imali eningi ekugcwaliseni uphethiloli, i-biodiesel idume kakhulu futhi isabalale emhlabeni wonke.
IBiodiesel ingasetshenziswa ezimotweni eziningi ezisebenzisa amandla kadizili ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kakhulu kwezinjini. Kodwa-ke, izinjini ezindala zikadizili zingadinga ukulungiswa okuthile ukucubungula i-biodiesel. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, sekuvele imboni encane ye-biodiesel e-United States kanti ezinye iziteshi zesevisi sezivele zinikeze i-biodiesel.
Kwakhiwa kanjani i-biodiesel
Le nqubo iqala ngokukhishwa kukawoyela ezitshalweni ezine-oleaginous. Ngemuva kokucwengwa, uwoyela uguqulwa ube yi-FAME noma i-biodiesel ngokungeza i-methanol ne-catalyst. Ngenxa yezici zayo ezifana kakhulu nophethiloli kadizili, i-biodiesel ingasetshenziswa ezinjinini zikadizili ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zayo njengophethiloli oketshezi, ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ukushisa namandla. Iqiniso lokuthi la mafutha aqukethe i-polycyclic hydrocarbon enamakha avumela ukuthi ligcinwe futhi lithuthwe ngaphandle kwezingozi ezisobala. Ngoba ivela kumafutha wemifino kanye namafutha ezilwane, ingumthombo wamandla ovuselelekayo futhi oguquguqukayo.
I-Biodiesel ingaxubaniswa nodizili wezinsalela ngezilinganiso ezahlukahlukene ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezinkulu zenjini. Kodwa-ke, akunconywa ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yedizili encane ngaphandle kokushintsha izici zenjini, ngoba ukusebenza kwayo akunakuqinisekiswa ngokususelwa ocwaningweni olwenziwe kuze kube manje.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-biodiesel inezindawo zokugcoba ezinhle kakhulu njengoba inguphethiloli onomoya-mpiloNgakho-ke, ngesilinganiso esincane, ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kukaphethiloli kadizili, idlule ngisho nezinzuzo zesibabule. Kufana nokuthile okwandisa impilo yeshalofu. Inqubo ephelele yokuthola i-biodiesel yile ephumelelayo Kokubili ngokwemigomo yokulinganisa namandla.
nebubi
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenza okuvamile kukaphethiloli kadizili, okunye kokubi kokusebenzisa i-biodiesel amandla ancishisiwe. Okuqukethwe kwamandla we-biodiesel kuphansi. Ngokuvamile, ilitha likadizili liqukethe amandla angu-9.300 kcal, kanti inani elifanayo le-biodiesel liqukethe kuphela i-8.600 kcal yamandla. Ngale ndlela, i-biodiesel eningi iyadingeka ukuthola amandla afanayo nawodizili.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe inombolo ye-cetane, okumele ibe mkhulu kune-40 ukuze isebenze kahle. Uphethiloli ophakeme wohlobo lwe-cetane uvumela injini ukuthi iqale ngokushesha futhi kalula futhi ifudumale emazingeni okushisa aphansi ngaphandle komlilo. IBiodiesel inenombolo yesigaxa esifana nedizili, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa enjinini efanayo ngaphandle kokubanga ukuphazamiseka okukhulu.
Olunye udaba okufanele lubhekwe uma kukhulunywa ngamafutha kungumthelela wawo emvelweni kanye nemithelela ehlobene nayo engahle idluliselwe emphakathini. Esimweni esinjalo, kungashiwo ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-biodiesel esikhundleni noma ingxenye yenhlanganisela kadizili-biodiesel Inganciphisa amagesi angcolisayo akhishwa emkhathini, njenge-nitrogen oxides (NOx) noma i-carbon dioxide (CO2). Ithebula elilandelayo likhombisa iphesenti lokunciphisa udizili omsulwa.
Izinzuzo eziphambili
- Uma kuqhathaniswa nodizili wemvelaphi yezinsalela, IBiodiesel inezinzuzo zemvelo ngoba inciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa.
- Uma kuqhathaniswa nodizili kaphethiloli, i-net carbon monoxide incishiswa ngama-78%.
- Lapho i-biodiesel ingezwa kuphethiloli wendabuko kadizili, noma kungxube engaphansi kwe-1%, ukuthambisa kukaphethiloli kadizili kungathuthukiswa kakhulu.
- Kuwuphethiloli ongenabungozi emvelweni.
- Yenziwe ngezinto ezingavuselelwa ezingavuselelwa.
- Iqukethe cishe akunasibabule. Gwema ukukhishwa kwe-SOx (imvula ene-asidi noma umphumela wokushisa).
- Thuthukisa ukuvutha komlilo futhi wehlise kakhulu ukukhishwa kwentuthu nothuli (kufika cishe ku-55%, kuqeda intuthu emnyama nephunga elibi).
- Ikhiqiza isikhutha esincane ngesikhathi senqubo yomlilo kune-carbon dioxide emuncwa ukukhula kwezitshalo (umjikelezo we-carbon dioxide ovaliwe).
Ohluliwe kulolu lwazi angafunda kabanzi ngalolu hlobo lwe-biofuel izici zalo.