Amazwe okwamanje akhiqiza amandla omoya amaningi

La amandla omoya ingenye yemithombo eyinhloko yezinguquko njengamanje kwezinye izindawo ezingahlobene nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha ezimbiwa phansi. Kumele wazi ukuthi okungenani amazwe angama-84 emhlabeni jikelele asebenzisa amandla omoya ukunikezela ngamagridi kagesi.

Ngonyaka nje odlule amandla omoya kweqe ngama-369,553 gW nokukhiqizwa kwamandla okuphelele kukhula ngokushesha kube ngamaphesenti ama-4 kagesi ophelele osetshenziswe emhlabeni. Futhi uma i-17 gW efakwe ngonyaka we-2014 ibivele iyimpumelelo, engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka ka-2015 bafinyelele ku-21,7 gW, okusiletha emandleni omhlaba wonke angama-392 gW, cishe angama-428 gW ngasekupheleni konyaka. 2015.

Umthamo womhlaba wonke ukhule ezinyangeni zokuqala zika-2015 ngamaphesenti angu-5,8 ngemuva kokuthola u-5,3% ngo-2015 no-4,9% ngo-2013 ngesikhathi esifanayo.Uma sicabanga ukuthi ngo-2014 izinga lokukhula ngonyaka lalingamaphesenti ayi-16,5 ukuze kuthi phakathi nonyaka ka-2015 kube sekufinyelele kumaphesenti angama-16,8, singakwazi unyaka omuhle sinamathela ku-2015.

Lokhu kwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamandla omoya kufanele ikakhulu kuzinzuzo zezomnotho Kusuka kulo mthombo, ukwanda kokuncintisana, ukungaqiniseki ekunikezelweni kukawoyela negesi emhlabeni kanye nezingcindezi zokuya kubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile nobusimeme ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Abakhiqizi abakhulu bamandla omoya

Imboni yomoya iyi manje iphethwe yizinhlobonhlobo ezinhle zezimboni amandla amakhulu, imifelandawonye yamandla kumaqembu ezemvelo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi empumelelweni enkulu yalolu hlobo lomthombo wamandla kuzodingeka nokuhlukahluka okukhulu.

Ekupheleni kukaJuni 2015, izwe eline- Umthamo wamandla omoya omkhulu kunayo yonke ofakiwe yiChina endaweni yokuqala, kwalandela i-United States endaweni yesibili kwathi i-Germany yalala endaweni yesithathu.

I-China ine-124 gW kulo nyaka futhi ikhule nge-10 gW kusukela ngo-2014 naku-44 gW kusukela ngo-2013. Ukukhula okuqhubekayo okusizayo, ngokwengxenye, ukunciphisa izinkinga zalo zokungcola, yize kuzodingeka ukuthi kutshalwe imali ethe xaxa kulolu hlobo lomthombo ukuze ikwazi ukuyinciphisa ngokweqiniso.

Okulandelayo I-United States ene-67 gW efakiwe Futhi ekukhuleni kwayo kusukela ngo-2013, eminyakeni emibili nje kuphela, amandla ayo akhuphuke ngo-8 gW ngokuma kwangempela, into engabonakala naseGermany, India naseSpain, kunjalo, uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhula okukhulu eChina.

Ngaphandle kwamandla amakhulu emandleni omoya, kuyadingeka caphuna iBrazil ekhombise isilinganiso esiphezulu ukukhula kwazo zonke izimakethe ngokukhula ngo-14% kulo nyaka ka-2015.

Njengephuzu elibi sithola izimakethe eziningana zaseYurophu ezikhubazekile, okuthile okuzokwenzeka kumaJalimane lapho izinguquko ezithile kumthethonqubo zingena eminyakeni emibili ezayo, into ezokwehlisa amandla ayo omoya.

China

China ilindele ukuthi ibe ne-347,2 gW ngo-2025 ngokufakwa kwaminyaka yonke okuzofinyelela ku-56,8 gW. Okuthile okuphawuleka kakhulu ukuthi lolu hlobo lwamandla luzosho ukuthini kuleli zwe.

Futhi yize iChina njengamanje ikhipha kakhulu lolu hlobo lwamandla, isemzuzwini wokuma. Izibalo ezitholakala ku- I-2025 emhlabeni jikelele izodlula i-962,6 gW okusho ukuthi iChina izoba, ngisho nalokhu kubuyiselwa emuva, ngomunye wabadlali abakhulu kulolu hlobo lwamandla emhlabeni.

Kungalo nyaka lapho kubikezelwe khona ukuthi iChina ngeke ihlukaniswe kuphela njenge isifaki samandla omoya esikhulu kunazo zonke ngo-2015, kodwa futhi uzoqhubeka nokuhola lo mkhakha ngo-2016.

Amanye amazwe azobaluleka

I-India, i-Australia, iJapan, iSouth Korea, iPhilippines, iThailand, neTaiwan bandise umthamo wabo kusuka ku-148,2 gW ngo-2014 kuya ku-437,8 gW ngamaphesenti esabelo somhlaba wonke azofinyelela kuma-45,5%.

Amanye amazwe abalulekile empumelelweni yamandla omoya yi-Argentina, iBrazil, iChile, iColombia neMexico ezokwengeza u-45,6 gW. Sesivele sikhulume nge-Uruguay neCosta Rica njengezibonelo ezimbili ezinkulu kakhulu zezinqubomgomo ezivumela ukukhula kwalolu hlobo lwamandla ahlanzekile, into ebalulekile ekusaseni lethu.

Amandla omoya ayisihluthulelo ngekusasa lamandla

Lolu hlobo lwamandla selube kubiza ngokweqile. Ezindaweni lapho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuyanda, imithombo emisha kufanele yenziwe, futhi kulapho amandla omoya kufanele adlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu.

Ezimakethe ezivuthiwe lapho ingqalasizinda yokukhiqiza amalahle, inuzi noma igesi isivele isikhona, kunezinselelo eziningi ezizayo ngenxa yoshintsho olukhulu okumele lwenzeke. Kulapha lapho amandla omoya kufanele ancintisane nezindleko zesondlo kusuka emithonjeni yamandla ekhona. Noma kunjalo, umthombo wamandla ovela emoyeni uyindlela ekhanga kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuthi inikeza amandla ngaphandle kokukhipha amagesi abamba ukushisa.

Futhi kunokuthile okukudingayo futhi banciphisa izindleko. Kunezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko. Okunye ukuthi imishini yomoya bayakhula, enemibhoshongo emide nokwakhiwa okulula. Okwesibili ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokuthengwa kwempahla kuye kwanda futhi izinhlelo zokukhiqiza zinciphisa izindleko. Okwesithathu, futhi okokugcina, ukuthi njengoba ukufakwa komoya kukhula, izindleko ziyasindiswa ngokwenziwa ngezinga elikhudlwana kunangaphambili.

Esinye sezizathu zayo eziyinhloko ukuthi ukulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nomthelela amandla ahlanzekile nashibhile angaba nawo okuqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukunikeza lawo mandla adingekayo ukuze umhlaba esiphila kuwo usebenze futhi ngasikhathi sinye kungabangi ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 emkhathini kuyinjongo yezinkampani ezinkulu ezifana neVestas.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ukubaluleka okukhulu kwamandla omoya

Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha

Kakhulu utshalomali obalulekile kubuchwepheshe obusha ukuze ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kusuka kulawa ma-turbine kanye nezinto ezintsha ezahlukahlukene kuholele kwezinye izindlela lapho bangenza khona amaphesenti aphezulu ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba kwamandla avela kumandla omoya.

Sibabonile osaziwayo besimo sikaBill Gates batshala imali enkulu kubuchwepheshe obusha bamandla njengamadola ayizigidi ezingama-2.000 XNUMX ewasebenzisile

Kuvela kubakhulu bezobuchwepheshe lapho befunda khona ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuthi kuguqulwe ngendlela yokubona i-panorama yamandla esizithola sikuyo. Uma siphawule ngamaGates, okunye okuhle kakhulu njengoMark Zuckerberg nabo benza okuncane isihlabathi ukukhuthaza izinkampani ezizimele eziningi ukuthi zifune ikusasa elihlanzekile labo bonke kanye neplanethi esimeme.

IGoogle inenye iphrojekthi enhle e-Afrika lapho izofaka ngaphezu kuka-365 ophephela bomoya ogwini lweLake Turkana eKenya. Okuzohlinzeka ngamaphesenti ayi-15 okuphelele kukagesi osetshenziswa kuleli.

El isitoreji samandla Kukhonjiswa futhi ukuthi kubalulekile kuzo zonke lezi zinguquko ezidingekayo ukuthi zenzeke kusukela ekugcineni amandla asele anikezwa amakhulu omoya ophephela abalulekile ukugcizelela nokusetshenziswa komthombo wamandla njengamandla omoya.

I-Tesla namabhethri ayo asekhaya akhombisa enye indlela, kodwa kunalokho kungaba ukuzethemba amandla wabasebenzisi, kodwa ngezinga elikhudlwana lingaphinde linikeze amabhethri adingekayo ukuze “asindise” leyo nsalela.

Siphinde sibe nobuchwepheshe obusha obufana ne- ama-turbine angenawo ama-blade adaliwe yiVortex, inkampani yaseSpain njengamanje ezwakala kakhulu ngenxa yokufakwa kwemishini ethile yomoya engadala umthelela kwezemvelo, ngoba ngaphandle kokuqeda umsindo waleyo eyejwayelekile, ayiguquli imvelo njengoba yenza.

Lobu buchwepheshe beVortex busebenza ngendlela yokuthi isebenzisa ukusonteka okukhiqizwayo ngokudlidliza okudalwa wumoya lapho ungena ekuzwakaliseni kwesilinda esiqondile esiqinile futhi esinehange emhlabathini. Yile deformation ebhekele ukukhiqiza ugesi.

U-2016 unyaka obaluleke kakhulu wamandla omoya

Engqungqutheleni Yesimo Sezulu EParis sekufinyelelwe ochungechungeni lwezivumelwano Bafaka unyaka we-2016 njengonyaka obalulekile ukuze lawo maphesenti wamandla omoya kufanele akhule kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu sonke esizaziyo.

Isilinganiso sesimo sezulu lapho amandla omoya abekwe khona njengomunye wemithombo yamandla ebalulekile ekwehliseni amagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini abangela izinkinga nezinhlekelele zemvelo emhlabeni wonke. Ushintsho okufanele lwenziwe kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba ukuze lube nomphumela omuhle.