Ukungcoliswa komhlaba kuyinkinga engathi sína kakhulu edinga ukusingathwa ngendlela eyisisekelo. Uma sikhuluma ngokungcola okukhiqizwa yiwo womabili la mazwe, sikhuluma kakhulu ngokungcoliswa komoya. Nakuba kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokungcola, ukungcoliswa komoya kubangela imiphumela emibi emhlabeni wonke, njengokufudumala kwembulunga yonke nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. I amazwe amaningi angcolisa umhlaba Yizona ezikhipha amagesi angcolisa kakhulu emkhathini.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yimaphi amazwe angcolisa kakhulu nokuthi ukungcoliswa komoya kunamiphi imiphumela emvelweni.
Ukungcoliswa komoya
Lolu wudaba olungasagcini nje ngokuphathelene nemvelo. Sekuyingxenye yempilo yawo wonke umuntu phakathi neminyaka edlule. Ukunukubezeka komoya kuwukukhathazeka okusabalele, futhi ikhambi laso alikho ezandleni zohulumeni noma izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa wonke umuntu anganikela ngohlamvu lwesihlabathi ukuze kunqandwe le miphumela. Ubufakazi obubonakala kakhulu bokungcoliswa komoya ngamafu adumile okungcola aqoqana eduze kwezikhungo zasemadolobheni futhi ayingozi empilweni.
Kunezinye izinhlobo zokungcoliswa komoya ezingabonakali kalula noma ezingabonakali, kodwa futhi ezinemiphumela ebulalayo empilweni yezinto eziphilayo kanye nesimiso semvelo. Lokhu kungcola kubangela ukufudumala nemiphumela eyinhlekelele kulo mhlaba. Ekutholeni kwethu izimbangela zokungcoliswa komoya, sibona ukuthi phakathi nezinkulungwane zeminyaka yokuphila kulo mhlaba, kukhiqizwa izinto ezinobuthi.
Ukukhishwa okunobuthi kuyingxenye yomjikelezo wempilo, kodwa ngaphakathi kwebanga lemvelo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukungcola ngokwemvelo akuthinti ngokuphawulekayo ukwakheka noma ukwakheka kwe-ecosystem ngoba kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo. Iyingxenye yomjikelezo futhi ayikhuli ngenxa yomsebenzi womuntu. Phakathi kwalokhu kukhishwa kwegesi sithola amagesi akhishwa phakathi nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, kodwa imiphumela yawo ayizange ibe unomphela. Nokho, ngokufika kweNguquko Yezimboni Zabantu kanye nokwandisa ukwanda kwenani labantu, sibhekene nesimo somhlaba wonke sokungcoliswa komoya.
Noma yikuphi ukungcoliswa komoya kubhekisela ekubeni khona kwezinto ezinobuthi ezikhiqizwa umsebenzi womuntu.
Imiphumela eyinhloko
Njengoba sonke sazi, imiphumela yokungcoliswa komoya miningi kakhulu. Okokuqala nokushesha kakhulu ukwanda kanye nokuba kubi kwezifo zokuphefumula nenhliziyo phakathi kwabantu abahlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezingcolile. Abanye, eduze nemithombo yezimboni, badedela le mikhiqizo enobuthi emkhathini. Izifo zokuphefumula nezenhliziyo zikhule kakhulu kuzo zonke lezi zindawo.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe u-3% wokulaliswa esibhedlela ubangelwa ukwanda kwezifo ezihlobene ngenani lokungcola emkhathini. Amazwe angcoliswe kakhulu emhlabeni yilawo anamagesi amaningi kakhulu ngakho-ke anomthelela omkhulu empilweni.
Omunye umphumela ongathi sína wokungcoliswa komoya umphumela owaziwa kakhulu we-greenhouse. Akumele siphambanise i-greenhouse effect ngokwawo ngokwanda kwayo. Inkinga akukhona ukuthi kune-greenhouse effect (ngaphandle kwayo, impilo ibingeke ibe njengoba siyaziyo), ukuthi iyandisa imiphumela yala magesi. Ezinye zezinkinga ezibangelwa ukungcoliswa komoya ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, imisebenzi emikhulu, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle, ukunyamalala komhlaba, ukuzala kwezinambuzane, ukushabalala kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, Njll
Izwe elingcoliswe kakhulu emhlabeni
Siyazi ukuthi unyaka ngamunye amathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-36 e-carbon dioxide akhishelwa emkhathini. Yigesi ebamba ukushisa eyinhloko ebangela ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Umzila wokuphuma kwala maphethiloli ubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukungcolisa imisebenzi yabantu. Noma kunjalo, amazwe ambalwa kuphela angcolisa kakhulu emhlabeni akhipha ingxenye enkulu yala magesi. Ngokungangabazeki amazwe angcolisa kakhulu emhlabeni eminyakeni yamuva iChina, i-United States, i-India, iRussia neJapan.
Uma sikhuluma ngokukhishwa kwe-CO2, empeleni sikubiza ngegesi eyinhloko, kodwa futhi ibizwa ngokuthi i-metric. Uma sesikwazi ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 okufanayo, sesingakwazi kakade ukunyathelisa kwekhabhoni yesifunda ngasinye, nakuba kunengqondo. ukungcola okukhiqizayo akuyona yonke into, futhi ayiyona i-CO2.
Uma singazi, kufanele sazi ukuthi amazinga amanje okungcola awakenzeki okungenani eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-3 ngaphandle kwabantu emhlabeni. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi uMhlaba wawudlula enkathini yentaba-mlilo enamandla kakhulu.
Ngokusho kwedatha etholakalayo, sithola ukuthi i-China yenza u-30% wesamba esikhishwa emhlabeni wonke, kanti i-United States yenza u-14%. Ake sihlaziye ukuthi liyini izinga lamazwe angcoliswe kakhulu emhlabeni:
- I-China, ngamathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-10.065 zokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide
- I-United States, 5.416 GtCO2
- I-India, ene-2.654 GtCO2 yokukhipha umoya
- I-Russia, ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.711 we-CO2 ekhishwayo
- Japan, 1.162 GtCO2
- IJalimane, amathani ayizigidi ezingama-759 we-CO2
- I-Iran, amathani ayizigidi ezingama-720 we-CO2
- ISouth Korea, amathani ayizigidi ezingama-659 we-CO2
- I-Saudi Arabia, 621 MtCO2
- I-Indonesia, 615 MtCO2
Amazwe amaningi angcolile emhlabeni
Bangladesh
I-Bangladesh ingene ohlwini lwamazwe angcoliswe kakhulu emhlabeni ngenxa yesimo sayo esiphezulu sokungcola. Izinga layo lomoya liphansi kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa namazinga avunyelwe. Isilinganiso sezinhlayiya ezingcolisayo ezingama-97,10 sifinyelelwe. Le mali kumele ngokwengxenye ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-166 abahlala e-Bangladesh banesibopho sokukhipha umoya omkhulu. Kukule minyaka edlule lapho umkhakha wezimboni kuleli ukhule kakhulu. Kunezimboni eziningi, ikakhulukazi izimboni zendwangu, ezikhiqiza isamba esikhulu sesisi esingcolisa umoya.
I-Saudi Arabia
Umthombo oyinhloko womnotho waseSaudi Arabia ukukhishwa kukawoyela. Lokhu kuwumthombo omkhulu wemali engenayo futhi sekungenye yezinkinga zabo ezimbi kakhulu. Ukukhishwa kwamafutha okungakhiqizi nje izinzuzo zezomnotho kuphela, kodwa futhi kukhipha inani elikhulu lamagesi angcolisayo. ukukhishwa kwamafutha ezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi Zinobuthi kakhulu futhi ziyingozi empilweni.
India
I-India nayo ingene emazingeni okuthi amazwe angcolisa kakhulu emhlabeni anokukhula okuphezulu kwezimboni. Ayigcini nje ngokukhula embonini, kodwa iphinde isebenzise kabi umanyolo wamakhemikhali. Lokhu kusetshenziswa okungalungile komanyolo kungcolise wonke amasimu avundile kanye nemithombo yamanzi egcina amanzi.
China
Kungashiwo ukuthi iChina ingelinye lamazwe ahamba phambili emnothweni womhlaba. Nokho, liphinde libe phakathi kwamazwe angcoliswe kakhulu emhlabeni. Nguye owethula izinqubomgomo ezintsha zokuqwashisa kanye nokusebenza kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Noma kunjalo, amadolobha amakhulu anogqinsi lokungcoliswa komoya kangangokuthi awukwazi ukubona ilanga. Ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide yaseChina kuyaqhubeka nokuphindaphinda kabili kunakwamanye amazwe amakhulu njenge-United States.
I-Egypt
Uma ucabanga ngezwe elingcoliswe kakhulu emhlabeni, cishe awulicabangi leli zwe. Ngakho-ke, njengakwamanye amazwe anjenge-India ne-Saudi Arabia, ukusungulwa kwezimboni ezinkulu eziqalayo kukhula ngokushesha. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kuholela ekukhishweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa ngokweqile. Kungenzeka ukuthi i-Egypt isifinyelele emazingeni okunukubezeka, okuyinani eliphindwe izikhathi ezingama-20 kunalelo elivunyelwe.
Brasil
IBrazil ingelinye lamazwe asathuthuka anomnotho othuthukayo. Ngeshwa, lokhu kuthuthukiswa komnotho kuhlotshaniswa nokuqwashisa okuphansi kokunakekela imvelo. Leli zinga eliphansi lokugxilisa ingqondo kusho ukuthi kuncane futhi isenzo esithathwe uhulumeni. Konke lokhu kuyasiza ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu okwahlushwa elinye lamaphaphu ayinhloko eplanethi, i-Amazon. Akukhulisi nje kuphela inani legesi engcolisayo, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-carbon dioxide izitshalo.
Ngethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana namazwe angcolisa kakhulu emhlabeni nangcoliswe kakhulu.