Amapulasitiki yizinto ezingcolisa imvelo kakhulu namuhla. Ikhishwa ngobuningi futhi inokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene. Abantu sebekwazi ukubaluleka kokunakekela imvelo, kodwa hhayi ngokwanele. Ngale njongo yokuvikela imvelo, umqondo we amapulasitiki abolayo. Lezi zepulasitiki zingaba yisixazululo senhlekelele enkulu yomhlaba yokungcola ngale nto. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukwazi kahle ukuthi yimiphi imikhawulo yabo nokuthi kungani kungelula kangako ukusungula la mapulasitiki kuzo zonke iziqukathi emhlabeni.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela zonke izici nokubaluleka kwamapulasitiki abolayo.
Ayini amapulasitiki abolayo
Into yokuqala yakho konke ukwazi ukuthi igama elithi biodegradable lisho ukuthini. I-biodegradability yisihloko sokubola lapho eminye imikhiqizo nezinto zihlakazeka khona ngenxa yesenzo sezinto ezithile eziphilayo. Phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo ezingalulaza izinto esinazo zinamagciwane, isikhunta, ulwelwe, izinambuzane, njll. Imvamisa lezi zinto eziphilayo zisebenzisa izinto ukukhiqiza amandla nezinye izinto ezifana nezicubu, izinto eziphilayo nama-amino acid. Ukuze ipulasitiki ingakwazi ukuguqula ezinye izimo zokukhanya, umswakama, izinga lokushisa, umoya-mpilo, kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nazo, njll. Enhle ukuze kwenzeke ngesikhathi esifushane.
Futhi alukho uhlobo lwepulasitiki olungazehlisa lodwa kepha luthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngoba ekugcineni sizobe sinenkinga efanayo yokuqoqwa kukadoti. Singasho ukuthi ngumkhiqizo obolayo futhi ongahlukaniswa isenzo semvelo kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezihlala emvelweni. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-biodegradation ngokuya ngobukhona noma ukungabikho kwe-oxygen. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sine-biodegradation ye-aerobic eyenzeka lapho kune-oxygen emoyeni ovulekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sine-anaerobic biodegradation eyenzeka ezindaweni ezingenayo i-oxygen. Kowesibili kukhiqizwa ama-biogas, okuyigesi ebamba ukushisa ekhulisa ukufudumala komhlaba, kodwa futhi engasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amandla.
I-biodegradability kanye ne-ecology
I-biodegradability imvamisa ihlobene nemvelo kanye nomonakalo owenziwa amapulasitiki emvelweni. Siyazi ukuthi oplastiki bathatha amakhulu eminyaka ukubola futhi futhi kuya ngokwakhiwa kwawo. Ukwakheka nesikhathi sokubola kuyisici esibalulekile okufanele usicabangele ukuze unqume izinga le-biodegradability. Siyabona ukuthi ikhasi likabhanana lithatha kuphela cishe izinsuku ezingama-2-10 ukwehlisa isithunzi. Leli phepha lizothatha cishe izinyanga ezi-2-5, kuya ngokuthungwa nokwakheka kwalo. Le mikhiqizo kulula kakhulu ukuyilulaza kunokufaka emaphaketheni okufaka ipulasitiki nephepha noma ngabe ipulasitiki iyabola.
Singasho ukuthi amapulasitiki abolayo kalula yilawo enziwe ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukahlukene ezingavuselelwa ngokuphelele. Lezi zinto zokusetshenziswa ngukolweni, ummbila, isitashi sommbila, amazambane, ubhanana, uwoyela wesoya noma umdumbula. Njengoba unikezwe indlela yokukhiqiza uqobo, amapulasitiki ahlukaniswe yizinto ezincane eziphilayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingaphinde ibuyiselwe kumjikelezo wemvelo ngesimo somanyolo ophilayo ozuzisa inhlabathi. Asitholi kuphela okokusebenza okungangcolisi, kepha kuzuzisa imvelo. Isikhathi sokucekelwa phansi sincane kakhulu kunamapulasitiki ajwayelekile.
Izinkinga ngama-plastiki abolayo
Yize konke lokhu kubonakala kukuhle kakhulu futhi kuyisixazululo sazo zonke izinkinga, lokhu akunjalo. Yize kusetshenziswa izinto zokusetshenziswa zemvelo ezingabekwa kabusha ngemvelo, amapulasitiki abolayo abangela ezinye izinkinga. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi lezi zinkinga:
- Ukuphawulwa kwalezi zeplastiki ayicacisi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kunganciphisa ukungcola emifuleni nasolwandle. Futhi ukuthi izimo la ma-plastiki okudingeka abe nokubola okuphelele kungenzeka ezilwandle nasolwandle. Lokho wukuthi, uma bephela kulezi zindawo, kungathatha amakhulu eminyaka ukubola ngoba ama-microorganism aphethe ukubola angatholi i-oxygen eyanele ukwenza umsebenzi wawo.
- Yize kuthatha isikhathi esincane ukwehlisa isithunzi ku- izindawo zemvelo zingathatha cishe iminyaka emithathu. Isibonelo, uma sihlaziya ukubola kwamanabukeni ajwayelekile athokozisayo siyabona ukuthi kuthatha cishe iminyaka engama-350 ukwehlisa isithunzi, kanti okwenziwe ngopulasitiki ababolayo kungathatha phakathi kweminyaka emi-3-6.
- Uma kukhulunywa ngokuvuselelwa kabusha kungaba yinkinga. Ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha kuyinkimbinkimbi impela. Futhi lokho ukuthi kube okubolayo ngeke kuhlanganiswe nama-plastiki ajwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isu elihlukile lokusebenzisa kabusha liyadingeka kule mikhiqizo.
- Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamapulasitiki abolayo akhiqizwa ngemithombo yokudla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi yize zingaboliswa kalula ngesikhathi esifushane, indawo enkulu yomhlaba iyadingeka ukuze ikwazi ukukhulisa yonke imikhiqizo eyenziwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi sitshalo, umanyolo namanzi kuyadingeka, okungakhuphula ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile nokuqedwa kwamahlathi ezindaweni zemvelo.
- Izimo ezithile: Lezi yizimo ezidingekayo, njengoba kunjalo ngezitshalo zezimboni zezimboni. Kunzima ukugcina lezi zimo zokukhiqizwa okukhulu kwepulasitiki.
- Ukunwetshwa kwemithombo evuselelekayo akukunciphisi ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi noma izithasiselo ukuze bakwazi ukuthungwa nokusetshenziswa okufanele.
Izinhlobo
Ekugcineni, sizobona ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamapulasitiki abolayo abakhona:
- Ama-Bioplastics: yilezo ezitholakala ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezingavuseleleka.
- Amapulasitiki enziwe ngezithasiselo ezibolayo: lolu hlobo lweplastiki olungakhiqizwa njengempahla eluhlaza engavuseleleka ngokuphelele, kodwa futhi lwakhiwe ngamakhompiyutha athile ayingxenye yamakhemikhali kaphethiloli athuthukisa ukubola kwawo.
Ezinye izibonelo zokusebenziseka okungaba nazo zombili izinhlobo zeplastiki ezibolayo ezibolayo yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukugoqa: yilezo ezenziwe ngamapulasitiki abolayo futhi asetshenziselwa ukupakisha ukudla. Kuthatha isikhathi esincane kakhulu ukudiliza kuneplastiki yendabuko futhi kusiza ekwehliseni ukungcola.
- Umkhakha Wezolimo: ingaxubaniswa nembewu yembewu nesembozo semifino ukukhiqiza ikhava yomhlabathi.
- Medicine: Ziyenye inketho yokwenziwa kwemikhiqizo ethile eyenzelwe umuthi. Phakathi kwabo sinamaphilisi angonakalisiwe angalulazeka ngaphakathi komzimba womuntu.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngama-plastiki abolayo kanye nezici zawo.