Uma sikhuluma ngesimo sezulu esibi sonke sicabanga ngezindaba ezimbi, kepha lokhu akuhlali kunjalo. NgoLwesithathu olwedlule bekunomoya e-UK kangangoba amapaki aso olwandle akhiqiza u-10% wesidingo samandla wezwe lonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahora amahlanu - isikhathi eside kunazo zonke ezake zaqoshwa - intengo yamandla yayingeyinhle.
Konke lokhu kunencazelo elula. ENgilandi sithola ipulazi lomoya elingasolwandle elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni: i ILondon Array, Amamayela ayi-12 ukusuka ogwini lwaseKent nase-Essex.
Ngenxa yomoya, intengo yamandla ifinyelele kumakhilogremu aphansi -19,25 nge-MWh (- $ 24.95 / MWh) futhi yahlala ingeyinhle ngesikhathi sokurekhoda, kepha bekungeyona ukuphela kwerekhodi elaphulwa ngalolo suku. NgoLwesithathu ofanayo, futhi okokuqala emlandweni, imithombo evuselelekayo yanikezwa ngaphezu kwesigamu sesidingo sikagesi yezwe (50,7%).
Amapulazi omoya yiwona athukuthele kakhulu eYurophu, futhi kulindeleke ukuqhuma okukhulu ngokwe amapaki asogwini lolwandle. NgoLwesibili kuleli sonto, cishe u-2% wokuphakelwa kukagesi waseYurophu uvela emoyeni emapulazini omoya asogwini.
Ipulazi lomoya elingasolwandle elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni
Njengoba sishilo phambilini, ipulazi lomoya elingasolwandle elikhulu kunawo wonke lisogwini lwaseKent (eNgilandi). Yize iyipaki enkulu kunazo zonke, abagqugquzeli bayo bahlela ukukhulisa amandla ayo kuze kufike ku-870 MW esigabeni sesibili kulindwe ukuvunywa.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emine yokwakhiwa nokutshalwa kwezimali okungaphezulu kwe- Izigidi ezingu-2.200 ama-euro, ipaki yakhiwe Ama-injini omoya angu-175 amaVestas SWT, Lokhu kunabela olwandle okuhlala endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-100 ebangeni lamakhilomitha angama-20 ukusuka ogwini lwaseKent, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeNgilandi.
Isilinganiso se- 450 amakhilomitha izintambo zasemanzini kanye iziteshi ezimbili ezingasolwandle, okwenza amandla abe maphakathi namandla akhiqizwa imishini yomoya ngaphambi kokuyihambisa iye emhlabathini ngaphakathi.
Ukuhlanganisa imishini yomoya
Ngokufakwa kweturbine yomoya ngayinye osebeni lolwandle, kuye kwadingeka ukuthi kwakhiwe imeshi ejwayelekile yezinqwaba ezivumelaniswe nezici ezithile zolwandle, ngokujula okuhluka phakathi kwamamitha ama-5 kuye kwangama-25 kuye ngecala. Lezi zisekeli zivumela ukuthi imishini yenjini ngayinye iphakanyiswe IVestas SWT-3.6MW-120 ngenhla kogu lolwandle, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zisebenza njengesisekelo sokudlulisa isisindo saso sifike ku- Amathani we-225 emhlabathini.
Imishini yomoya ngayinye engu-175 inokuphakama kwe- Amamitha angu-147, Amamitha angu-90 ubukhulu be-Rotor nobude be-blade Amamitha angu-58,5. Ukuthuthwa kwamandla akhiqizwe ngamunye wabo, kukhona 210 km yekhebula lomkhumbi wamanzi elixhuma u-turbine ngamunye neziteshi ezimbili ezingasolwandle, bese zona zixhuma nokufakwa esikhundleni Cleve hill emhlabathini owomile ngokusebenzisa Izintambo ezi-4 ezingama-150 kV efinyelela kufayela le- 220 km yobude.
Ngokwezibalo zabagqugquzeli, ngo-2012 ipulazi lomoya elingasolwandle elalikhona kuze kube yimanje lahlinzeka cishe nge 1,5% kagesi, kodwa nge-London Array lesi sibalo kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphuke ngaphezu kwe- 5% ngaleyo ndlela ugwema ukuphuma kwe- Amathani we-925.000 i-CO2 yonyaka.
Ukwamukelwa kwamandla omoya njengenye yezinto ezingcolisa kakhulu nokuphepha endaweni yamandla yaseYurophu sekuqala ukudlala indima efanele ekukhiqizweni kwamandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni wonke. Endabeni yomoya wasogwini, amandla akhiqizwa ama-turbine anomthelela omncane ku imvelo, Akudingi ukulahlwa noma ukususwa komhlaba, futhi ukutholakala ngasogwini lolwandle, kunomthelela nolaka oluncane ezilwaneni nohlaza uma kuqhathaniswa nomoya ovamile.
Ukunwetshwa kwesikhathi esizayo
ILondon Array isidlulile obekulindelwe yipulazi lomoya IGesGuMbikude, ingqalasizinda esendaweni efanayo kuze kube manje ibambe isihloko sendawo enkulu kunazo zonke ipulazi lomoya elwandle emhlabeni onamandla afakiwe we I-500 MW. Kepha akupheleli lapho.
Ngombono wokuqhubeka nokuhola umjaho obabazekayo emoyeni wasogwini owenziwe yi-United Kingdom, abagqugquzeli beLondon Array manje bahlose ukukhulisa amandla ayo kusuka ku-630 MW wamanje kuye ku 870. Lesi sigaba sesibili sisalinde ukuvunywa yiziphathimandla ezinamakhono ahlukahlukene, kepha sizohlanganisa leli pulazi lomoya njengelikhulu kunawo wonke ake akhiwa. Kulesi 2017 sizoba nempendulo?