La amandla olwandle kuvela ku amandla amandla, i-kinetics, i-thermal kanye ne-chemistry yamanzi olwandle, angasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ugesi, amandla ashisayo noma ngisho ukuphuza amanzi. Ngenxa yobuningi bamanzi emhlabeni, lo mthombo wamandla avuselelekayo unikeza amandla amakhulu okunciphisa ukuncika kwethu emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi.
Amandla amaza namaza olwandle
Ubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa amandla olwandle buhlukene kakhulu. Kunezakhiwo ezikhethekile, njenge izitshalo zamandla olwandle, ezisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo amandla okunyakaza kwamagagasi. Lezi zitshalo zisebenza emadamini amakhulu nezinjini zomoya ezibamba amanzi ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka kwamagagasi futhi ziwakhulule ngesikhathi samagagasi aphansi, aphehla ugesi kuzo zombili izigaba.
Ngaphezu kwamagagasi, i- imisinga yolwandle Zimelela enye indlela ebalulekile yokubamba amandla olwandle. Uhlelo olujwayelekile lokusebenzisa amandla emisinga yolwandle luhlanganisa izinjini zomoya ezingaphansi kwamanzi eziguqula amandla e-kinetic amanzi abe ugesi.
Amandla okushisa olwandle
Obunye ubuchwepheshe obusha bu amandla okushisa olwandle (waziwa ngo i-thermal eshisayo). Isekelwe emehlukweni wamazinga okushisa phakathi kwamanzi angaphezulu, ashiswa ilanga, namanzi ajulile abandayo. Izitshalo ezishisayo ezishisayo zisebenzisa lo mehluko wokushisa ukuze zikhiqize ugesi ngokuqhubekayo ngemijikelezo ye-thermodynamic.
Amandla wamagagasi: umthombo othembisayo
La wave energy (obeye aziwe njengo amandla we-wave) amandla akhiqizwa ukunyakaza kwamagagasi olwandle. La mandla akhiqizwa ngenxa yokuvunguza komoya phezu kwamanzi, okwenza amagagasi aqukethe amandla e-kinetic. La mandla angabanjwa ngemishini ehlukahlukene entantayo, amakholomu amanzi anyakazayo noma amapulatifomu abambelele olwandle okuguqula ukunyakaza kwamagagasi abe ugesi.
Njengamanje, kunamaphrojekthi ambalwa okuhlola amandla wamagagasi, njengesikhungo samandla e-Motrico e-Basque Country, esebenzisa izinjini zomoya ukukhiqiza afinyelela ku-296 kW. Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu zalobu buchwepheshe ukusebenzisa amandla amaza ngendlela efanele naphezu kwemvelo yawo engavamile futhi encike esimweni sezulu.
Amandla kasawoti: amandla aluhlaza
La amandla e-salt gradient, obeye aziwe njengo amandla aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kusekelwe ekusebenziseni umehluko wobusawoti phakathi kwamanzi olwandle namanzi omfula ahlanzekile. Lokhu kuqhathanisa kubangela ingcindezi ye-osmotic engaguqulwa ibe amandla kagesi ngezinqubo ze-osmosis ehlehlayo. Nakuba lobu buchwepheshe busathuthukiswa, bunamandla amakhulu ezindaweni ezisogwini lapho kutholakala khona imifula emikhulu.
Izinzuzo nezinselele zamandla olwandle
Amandla olwandle anezinzuzo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Okokuqala nje, Iyavuseleleka futhi njengomthombo wemvelo ocishe ungapheli, inketho eqhubekayo yesikhathi esizayo. Ngokungafani neminye imithombo evuselelekayo efana nelanga noma umoya, amandla olwandle ayabikezelwa futhi ahlala njalo, okwenza kube nokwethenjelwa kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kukagesi okuqhubekayo.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yayo umthelela ophansi kwezemvelo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe obuningi bufakwa ngaphansi kwamanzi, umthelela obonakalayo nomsindo uyancishiswa, ngaphezu kokungakhiqizi ukukhishwa kwegesi engcolisayo.
- Ukuhambisana nokunye okuvuselelekayo: Amandla olwandle angahlanganiswa nobunye ubuchwepheshe obunjengomoya wasolwandle kanye nelanga elintantayo, enze amasistimu ayingxube asebenza kahle kakhulu.
- Ukuncipha komthelela kwezemvelo: Ayikhiqizi amagesi abamba ukushisa futhi ayinamandla okubukwayo, njengoba ingqalasizinda eminingi ingaphansi kwamanzi.
Nokho, ukuthuthuka kwayo kuletha izinselele ezithile. Phakathi kwalokhu kugqama izindleko zokuqala eziphezulu zezikhungo, izinselelo zobuchwepheshe ezitholakala endaweni yasolwandle, kanye nesidingo sokutshala imali okukhulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwazo. Isibonelo, ukugqwala okuvela emanzini anosawoti nezimo zasolwandle ezinzima kungalimaza ukufakwa, kukhuphule izindleko zokulungisa.
Amaphrojekthi wamandla olwandle afakiwe
I-Europe ihola ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla olwandle, ikakhulukazi endaweni yamagagasi namandla olwandle. Isikhungo esidala futhi esaziwa kakhulu yi-La Rance e-France, esiqale ukusebenza kusukela ngo-1966 futhi sisaqhubeka nokuba sezingeni lokuphehla ugesi ohamba ngamagagasi. Amaphrojekthi aphinde agqame e-United Kingdom, lapho kwakhiwa khona amapaki amakhulu kagesi njenge-MeyGen, isikhungo esikhulu samandla olwandle emhlabeni.
Ngaphandle kweYurophu, iSouth Korea neCanada amazwe akhethe ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla olwandle ngamaphrojekthi aqalayo. Endabeni yeChile, ugu lwayo olubanzi luyibeka njengezwe elibalulekile ocwaningweni lwala mandla, kuyilapho eMexico iphrojekthi yokuqala yamandla wamagagasi yamukelwa e-Colima.
Emhlabeni jikelele, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2050 amandla olwandle angaphakela 10% ukusetshenziswa kukagesi eYurophu, okungeke kusize nje ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuphela kodwa futhi kudale nezinkulungwane zemisebenzi embonini yezasolwandle namandla.
Ikusasa lamandla olwandle
Amandla wamandla olwandle makhulu futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwawo kubalulekile ukusiza ukuhambisana neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengelanga nomoya. Njengoba izinselele zobuchwepheshe zinqotshwa futhi nezindleko zokufaka zehla, amandla olwandle angaba omunye wemithombo ebalulekile yokuzuza i-matrix yamandla ehlanzekile futhi esimeme kakhudlwana. Izikhungo kanye nohulumeni emhlabeni wonke bayabheja ngalobu buchwepheshe, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwabo kuzobaluleka kakhulu ekufinyeleleni izinjongo zokusimama zesikhathi eside.
Ukugcinwa kwamandla kanye nezokuthutha nakho kuyathuthuka ukuze kuhambisane nezidingo zomkhakha, ngengqalasizinda entsha ezokwenza lula ukuxhumana phakathi kwemiklamo yasolwandle kanye namanethiwekhi kagesi asogwini. Lokhu kumelela ithuba elihle emazweni anogu olude kanye nemithombo yasolwandle eningi.
Kafushane nje, amandla olwandle njengomthombo wamandla avuselelekayo anamandla amakhulu ngenxa yobukhulu bolwandle olumboza ngaphezu kwama-70% omhlaba. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe busathuthuka, isithakazelo esikhulayo kanye namaphrojekthi aqhubekayo abonisa ukuthi emashumini eminyaka ezayo izoba enye indlela ebalulekile ekushintsheni kwamandla omhlaba.